Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. It primarily functions in regulating other hormones and controls the body's circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is the body's natural wake-sleep cycle. Melatonin production is highest at night when it is dark, and lowest during the bright times of day. In addition, melatonin helps control the timing and release of female reproductive hormones.
Uses for Melatonin
Traditional uses of melatonin include insomnia and sleep problems associated with menopause and benzodiazepine withdrawal. Melatonin may also be beneficial in people with breast and prostate cancer. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, women and men with breast and prostate cancer have lower levels of melatonin. Studies have shown that low levels of melatonin stimulate the growth of certain types of breast cancer cells and adding melatonin slows the progression of these cells. In regards to prostate cancer, laboratory experiments show melatonin blocks the growth of prostate cancer cells.
Anti-Aging Benefits
Melatonin may be related to aging. Children have the highest nighttime melatonin levels, and these drop as we age. Likewise, the levels of growth hormone, GH, drop as we age. The Vitamin Report Project states melatonin can significantly stimulate the production of GH. In studies conducted with mice, administering melatonin in dosages of 10 mcg/ml of water increased their lifespan and the older mice began taking on traits of the younger mice. Although this research is promising, there are no studies that support the same anti-aging benefits in humans. Further research is needed to determine dosages and long-term effects of melatonin.
Side Effects and Interactions
Side effects may include daytime sleepiness, dizziness, headaches, abdominal discomfort, confusion, sleepwalking and nightmares. Melatonin supplements may interact with blood thinning medications, immunosuppressants, diabetes medications and birth control pills. Do not take melatonin in combination with sedative medication such as klonopin, lorazepam and Ambien.
Considerations
According to the Mayo Clinic, it may be harmful to take melatonin for longer than two months, and the best dose remains unclear. Be cautious with daytime activities such as driving if taking a melatonin supplement. Melatonin supplements made from animals may contain viruses or other contaminants. It is always best to talk to your health care provider prior to starting a melatonin supplement.
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