Glutamic acid is an amino acid that plays an important role in the metabolism and maintenance of a healthy nervous system. You can easily obtain it from your diet, but deficiencies can occur in some cases. Although rare, deficiency of glutamic acid can result in major complications.
Properties of Glutamic Acid
Glutamic acid is one of the 20 amino acids that are the building blocks of protein. Glutamic acid is considered one of the non-essential amino acids in that it can be synthesized from other compounds in the diet. Good sources of glutamic acid include dairy products, eggs, fish and meat. It is a key compound in metabolism and normal function of the nervous system. The salt form of glutamic acid is known as glutamate and is available as a flavor enhancer in the form of monosodium glutamate, or MSG.
Benefits of Glutamic Acid
Glutamic acid has a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly in generating the key intermediates of molecules needed for glucose breakdown and removal of excess nitrogen in the blood. The excess nitrogen is converted into ammonia and excreted in the urine as the compound urea. Glutamate is also an essential neurotransmitter, functioning as a signaling molecule that transmits signals from one neuron to the next in the nervous system. This is key in memory development and learning according to a 1993 data review article in "Psychopharmacology."
Glutamic Acid Deficiency
Deficiencies are rare, but can occur in some cases, resulting in lethargy, the inability to concentrate, fatigue and insomnia, according to Fitnesshealth101.com. This effect on the brain is due to the buildup of excess ammonia from the glutamate deficiency. Typically, deficiencies usually occur only in those who are malnourished, have disease, or immune deficiency.
Ways to Avoid Glutamic Acid Deficiency
The best way to avoid a glutamic acid deficiency is to eat a healthy, well-balanced diet that is high in protein. Glutamic acid is obtained from the breakdown of the amino acids found in dietary protein. Glutamic acid supplements are also available in pills and powder forms at drug stores. You should take these supplements in moderation to prevent glutamic acid toxicity, which could lead to cellular death in the brain or other chronic health problems.
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