Most people obtain enough potassium from their diets, but certain health disorders and drugs can deplete potassium levels. Potassium supplements are available to prevent deficiency. They are not intended as a general supplement because high levels of potassium can cause dangerous effects. Consult your doctor before taking potassium supplements to determine if you really need them.
Digestive Effects
Potassium supplements can cause upset stomach, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. If these effects become severe or if they persist, consult your doctor to ensure they are not an indication of a serious reactions, recommends MedlinePlus. Seek medical attention if you develop unusual stomach bulging or black stools while taking potassium supplements.
Hyperkalemia Symptoms
Excessive potassium intake can cause hyperkalemia, or high levels of potassium in the bloodstream. Some people do not experience symptoms and only discover their potassium levels are high after a blood test. Others develop effects such as confusion, listlessness, weakness and muscle fatigue. You could feel tingling, prickling, burning or pulling sensations in your legs, feet, arms or hands. Sensations of heaviness in the legs, changes in nerve or muscle control and even paralysis are possible. Cold, pale and grayish skin is another sign of hyperkalemia.
Cardiopulmonary Effects
Hyperkalemia can be life threatening, warns MedlinePlus. The condition can cause cardiopulmonary effects such as irregular heartbeat, slow or weak pulse, changes in breathing and even cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary changes occurring while taking potassium supplements call for immediate medical attention.
Treatment for Hyperkalemia
Treatment for hyperkalemia begins with supplements and medication, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Intravenous calcium chloride decreases cardiac and muscle effects of the disorder, while sodium bicarbonate, insulin and beta agonists help potassium move from the blood into cells. Binding resins attach to potassium and cause its removal from the digestive tract, and diuretics increase urination, causing excretion of potassium by the kidneys. Dialysis may be necessary to decrease potassium levels throughout the body, particularly if the kidneys are not working properly.
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