The thyroid gland is an organ in the front of the neck that plays a critical role in energy use, metabolism and childhood development. It does this by producing two different hormones which are known as T3 and T4. These hormones are the main mechanisms by which the thyroid gland regulates the activity of the body's cells. Nutrients in the diet influence the production of these hormones in a variety of ways. Nutrients can also play a part in the treatment of problems that arise due to complications or deficiencies related to the thyroid gland.
Iodine Deficiency
Iodine is a chemical element and the main component that the thyroid gland needs to manufacture the T3 and T4 hormones. Iodine deficiency can lead to enlargement of the thyroid, hypothyroidism and mental retardation in infants and children whose mothers were deficient in iodine during pregnancy. The body cannot make iodine, so you must obtain it from your diet.
Dietary Sources of Iodine
Iodine is present in saltwater fish, seaweed, shellfish, meat, breads, eggs and various dairy products such as milk and cheese. Approximately 40 percent of the world's population continues to remain at risk for iodine deficiency, according to the American Thyroid Association. Deficiencies, however, are relatively rare in the developed world because of the introduction of iodized salt into the normal diet. Multivitamins containing iodine can also ensure proper daily intake. For the average adult, this amounts to 150 micrograms a day. Pregnant women need more iodine: 220 micrograms per day. Breast-feeding women need as much as 290 micrograms.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive gland that produces too much thyroid hormone. As opposed to hypothyroidism and iodine deficiency, hyperthyroidism requires a specific treatment that works to calm the thyroid gland. This treatment may involve the increased consumption of certain foods and the decreased consumption of others. Excessive iodine intake, unless administered for a deficiency, can cause hyperthyroidism in people who are at risk for it.
Hyperthyroid Treatments
In order to reduce the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, eat less red meat and processed meat. Eat lean meats, cold water fish or beans for protein. Eliminate trans fatty acids and suspected food allergens which may include dairy, gluten, soy, corn, preservatives and chemical food additives. Avoid refined foods and the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. In their place, you should eat foods high in B vitamins and iron such as whole grains and fresh vegetables. The antioxidants present in fruits, vegetables and green tea can also help. Talk to your doctor about taking supplements of multivitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, L-carnitine and probiotics.
