Soybeans contain compounds that are similar to estrogen, and because of this soy has gotten mixed reviews in recent years, with some sources saying it is beneficial for women's health and others saying it is detrimental. PCOS, or polycystic ovary syndrome, is a medical condition that affects, among other things, a woman's hormone levels, menstrual cycle and fertility. The link between soy and PCOS is not clear, but there may be some connection.
Introduction to PCOS
Women's bodies produce estrogen, progesterone and androgen, and if these hormones become imbalanced -- particularly if too much androgen is produced -- PCOS can develop. According to PubMed, a service of the National Institute of Health, in a woman with PCOS, cysts form in the ovaries and the egg is not released from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. Women with PCOS may have periods that are irregular, very heavy or very light. They may also have smaller breasts, deeper voices, more body hair, and acne. Women with PCOS are at a higher risk for endometrial cancer and can have trouble getting pregnant. PCOS may be diagnosed with blood tests, physical exam or an ultrasound.
Soy and Your Health
Whole soy products include soy milk, edamame, tofu, tempeh and miso. Soy is also processed into flour or protein powder and is added to many packaged food products such as baked goods and energy bars. Soy beans are high in protein and fiber, and the Mayo Clinic says that adding soy to your diet can reduce cholesterol levels. Soy has also been studied for its effects on a myriad of other ailments, including cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis and kidney disease, but more research is needed.
Soy and Hormones
Soy beans contain an isoflavone -- compound similar in structure to estrogen -- known as genistein. A 2009 article in Scientific American reports that experiments in which rats were given genistein resulted in early puberty, irregular estrous cycles and smaller litters, implying that genistein may reproductive health. However, it is unclear if genistein effects humans in the same way or if eating soy has direct effects on PCOS or other reproductive health issues.
Treating PCOS
Treatment of PCOS may involve medication, such as birth control pills or anti-androgen drugs to restore healthy hormone levels and regulate the menstrual cycle, and possibly surgery to remove part of the ovaries. If you are obese, losing weight and exercising regularly may help with your PCOS. The National Women's Health Information Center recommend basing your diet on fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean meat and reducing the amount of processed or sugary foods you consume. This will not only help you maintain a healthy weight, but will also regulate insulin and hormone levels in your body.
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