Niacin and niacinamide are two forms of vitamin B-3. Vitamin B-3 occurs naturally in foods such as fish, meat, eggs, milk, green vegetables, legumes and cereal grains. Some niacin products are FDA-approved to treat high cholesterol. However, only niacin seems to lower cholesterol, not niacinamide, according to MedlinePlus. Niacinamide has some other uses.
LDL Cholesterol
Low-density lipoproteins, also known as LDL, or "bad," cholesterol, cause unhealthy plaque buildup in the arteries. High LDL levels increase the risk for heart disease. High-density lipoproteins, also known as HDL, or "good," cholesterol, removes cholesterol from the arteries and transports it to the liver for removal from the body. Evidence from studies shows that niacin can increase HDL lower LDL cholesterol, notes MayoClinic.com. Furthermore, taking statins with niacin may boost niacin's effects on LDL cholesterol. However, in one large study, researchers observed an increased risk of stroke in people taking niacin to increase HDL cholesterol levels. The study was stopped early. More research is needed in this area. If you are already taking niacin to treat high cholesterol, consult with your doctor concerning the risks before stopping this medication.
Niacinamide Uses
The FDA has approved niacin and niacinamide for the treatment and prevention of niacin deficiency and related conditions such as pellagra. Niacinamide may help prevent diabetes, reduce high serum phosphate levels in individuals with hyperphosphatemia, and improve joint flexibility and reduce swelling in individuals with osteoarthritis.
Other Niacin Uses
Niacin may also help treat atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, and it may help prevent a second heart attack in men with circulatory problems, according to MedlinePlus. Additionally, niacin may help prevent and treat cataracts and age-related macular degeneration.
Side Effects
Common side effects of niacin and niacinamide include headaches, redness and flushing and feelings of burning, itching or tingling in the face, arms and chest. This reaction, also known as a flushing reaction, may occur less severely with smaller doses taken with aspirin, notes MedlinePlus. Alcohol may worsen the flushing reaction, however. Niacin and niacinamide may also cause gas, upset stomach, dizziness and mouth pain.
