Calcium is used for many body functions and processes. Thankfully, it is also the most abundant nutrient in the body. Not only is it readily available in your diet, but your bones are made up of it, too. When in need, your body can borrow calcium from your bones and replace it again when dietary calcium becomes abundant. Unfortunately, this doesn't always happen, and the calcium stores become depleted. This leads to fragile bones, a condition known as osteroporosis.
Diet
A diet low in calcium is one reason for calcium depletion. The body uses calcium from the bones when it cannot get it from food, and this leads to a weakening of the skeleton. In addition to calcium, you should add vitamin D to your diet to prevent calcium depletion. According to the Harvard School of Public Health, vitamin K also has links to high bone density and higher levels of calcium. Moderate amounts of both vitamin A and protein are also recommended. Check with your doctor before adding any supplements to your diet to be sure they are safe for you. Some good sources of calcium are dairy products, dark, leafy greens and dried beans.
Medications
Many medications can lower your blood calcium levels, leading to an increased risk of osteoporosis. Aluminum-containing antacids and proton-pump inhibitors for acid reflux can decrease the absorption of calcium. According to Texas A&M University, anti-seizure medications such as phenobarbital can affect calcium. If you take anti-cancer drugs, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or lithium, you may want to check with your doctor regarding your calcium status. Many other drugs interact with calcium. Consult with your doctor or pharmacist if you are at high risk for calcium depletion or take medications.
Chronic Conditions
If you have chronic medical conditions, you may be at risk for calcium depletion and bone loss. If you are in menopause, your calcium stores will naturally decline due to the loss of estrogen. According to the University of Cincinnati, conditions such as kidney disease, problems with sex hormones, thyroid disease and some types of cancer also affect the absorption and use of calcium in the body. Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and leukemia can lead to severe calcium depletion.
Lifestyle Choices
Some lifestyle choices will affect your calcium levels and bone health. According to the Harvard School of Public Health, more than four cups of caffeine a day can make you more susceptible to fractures. Smoking may decrease bone mass and leech away calcium. If you are bulimic, anorexic or a yo-yo dieter, your body cannot absorb enough calcium and will take it from your bones. Likewise, extreme athletes can suffer from osteoporosis if they do not get enough calcium-rich foods. Extreme athletic training can also suppress menstruation, which has a negative affect on bone density.
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