If you have GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, you have a chronic problem with gastroesophageal reflux -- commonly called heartburn. The condition occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, the ring of muscle that serves as a valve between the esophagus and stomach, does not close properly, allowing the contents of the stomach to rise into the esophagus. Certain foods, beverages, medications and habits can trigger GERD symptoms, and you should try to avoid them.
Medications
Certain medications can aggravate GERD symptoms. These include common anti-inflammatories used for pain or fever; bisphosphonates used for osteoporosis; alpha blockers used for the prostate; nitrates used for angina; calcium-channel blockers used for angina and hypertension; theophylline used for asthma; and tricyclics used for depression.
Being Overweight
Being overweight can make GERD worse. Carrying extra pounds places more pressure on your abdomen, causing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus. Additionally, clothing that constricts the waist, a common problem for anyone who is gaining weight, exerts even more pressure on your abdomen and lower esophageal sphincter.
Smoking
Smoking can trigger problems with GERD because tobacco inhibits the production of saliva, which helps buffer the esophagus and stomach from the effects of food. Tobacco can also cause the production of excess stomach acid and relaxation of the muscle between the stomach and the esophagus, according to the American College of Gastroenterology.
Lying Down
Because lying down can make acid reflux worse, it's a good idea to remain up and moving around for at least a half hour after eating. Avoid eating right before bedtime. Raising your head of your bed by a few inches, or elevating your head with an under-mattress foam wedge, can help prevent GERD symptoms while you are sleeping.
Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions can make you more prone to suffer from GERD. These include pregnancy, asthma, diabetes and hiatal hernia.
Beverages
Certain beverages can promote symptoms in those who are prone to GERD. These include coffee, cola and carbonated drinks. Avoid alcoholic drinks, as alcohol relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing acid to flow backwards into the esophagus.
Acidic Foods
Citrus fruits like oranges, tangerines, lemons and grapefruit can trigger symptoms in some GERD sufferers. Any tomato-based foods such pizza, chili, spaghetti sauce or salsa can also increase stomach acid production.
Spicy or Fried Foods
Spicy foods, such as those containing turmeric or chili peppers, may cause a worsening of GERD symptoms. Fried foods, which are high in both grease and fat, are harder for the stomach to digest and may promote symptoms in those susceptible to GERD.
Other Foods
The strong flavorings of garlic and onion are troublesome to some people who have GERD. Others are bothered by peppermint and spearmint. Chocolate can also be a trigger.
Overeating
Any kind of food becomes a trigger for GERD if you eat too much of it. Overeating promotes excessive acid production in the stomach, which in susceptible people causes reflux into the esophagus. Eating smaller meals more frequently can help prevent symptoms.
