Pregnancy is an exciting time in a woman's life, but it is also a time of significant change. Not only is the shape of your body changing, but your hormone levels are increasing, your blood volume is doubling and your organs are being shifted around to make room for the growing baby. All these physical and hormonal changes can wreak havoc on your body and cause a number of nutritional problems.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting, also known as morning sickness, usually occurs during the first few months of pregnancy, although it can occur any time during your pregnancy. It is caused by the increase in your hormone levels. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. You can manage your symptoms by eating small meals frequently and snacking on saltine crackers or dry toast. Excessive vomiting early in pregnancy can be a concern because it can lead to poor nutrient intake and dehydration. You should contact your doctor if you are unable to eat because of your morning sickness. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for fluid and electrolyte replacement.
Heartburn
Heartburn is more commonly seen during the later stages of your pregnancy. It is caused by your growing uterus pushing your stomach up, and a relaxed esophageal sphincter -- the muscle that separates your stomach from your esophagus -- causing the contents of your stomach to regurgitate into your esophagus. The best treatment for pregnancy-related heartburn is to eat small, frequent meals. It also helps if you stay away from foods that exacerbate heartburn such as caffeine, chocolate and spicy foods.
Constipation
You may also experience constipation during your pregnancy. This is due to the slow down of your digestive system, inactivity and the additional pressure on your bowel from your growing uterus. Drinking plenty of fluids and eating a diet high in fiber can help alleviate your constipation. Adding dried fruits, such as figs and prunes also help. In severe cases, some women need bulking laxatives to improve their constipation.
Diabetes
Gestational diabetes is another nutritional problem some women experience during their pregnancy due to an increase in insulin resistance. Women are usually diagnosed during their second or third trimester after an oral glucose tolerance test. Elevated blood sugars during your pregnancy increases your risk of delivering a large baby, which can make delivery for you more difficult. Controlling your blood sugars significantly reduces your risk of having a large baby. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes require one on one nutritional counseling with a registered dietitian to learn how to eat to control blood sugar for a healthy pregnancy.
References
- "Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy"; L. Kathleen Mahan, Sylvia Escott-Stump; 1996
- Women'sHealth.gov: Healthy Pregnancy
