Sodium acetate is an intravenous, or IV, solution used to deliver sodium to your body. Sodium acetate is diluted such that every 20 mL of IV solution has about 3.28 g of sodium acetate. Sodium acetate is used as a substitute for sodium chloride as a means of preventing or alleviating hyponatremia -- a low concentration of sodium in the blood -- in patients with restricted oral intake. Sodium acetate causes adverse reactions such as hypernatremia -- high blood sodium -- so it should be used under medical supervision.
Indication
Sodium acetate injections are given in 20-mL, partial-fill, single-dose plastic vials. The sodium acetate solution is administered by dilution in a larger volume of IV fluid. The rate of administration and degree of concentration vary according to individual needs. Prior to administration, vials should be inspected for particulate matter and discoloration to ensure the sodium acetate solution is sterile and free of contaminants.
Age and Safety
Sodium acetate is generally safe to use for infants to adolescents. No current studies indicate response variations between younger people and the elderly. Dosing for elderly patients should start at the lower end of the range to lower the risk of harming hepatic, renal and cardiac function. Caution is advised for use in pregnant women, because studies have not been conducted on potential adverse effects of sodium acetate on fetal development.
Precautions and Contraindications
Sodium acetate should be used with caution in people with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. Sodium acetate contains aluminum, a substance that causes impaired kidney function. Sodium acetate should not be used by people who have fluid retention or hypernatremia. Sodium retention is another problem that sodium acetate causes in people with impaired kidney function. Sodium acetate is not advisable for patients who have suffered heart failure and cirrhosis. Administering the sodium acetate slowly reduces the risks of adverse reactions.
Adverse Reactions and Side Effects
Low calcium levels and swelling are possible side effects of sodium acetate use. Individuals allergic to sodium acetate should not use it. Typical allergic reactions to sodium acetate are skin rash, itching, breathing difficulties and swelling of the facial area. Always consult a doctor before administering sodium acetate to decrease your risk of adverse reactions. Sodium acetate also causes electrolyte imbalance if administered without being mixed with other electrolytes.
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