Chitin, otherwise known as deacetylates chitin bipolymer, is extracted from the exoskeleton of crustacean species, such as shrimp, lobster and crab. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin and is marketed as a weight-loss supplement. In addition, it is purported to lower cholesterol and alleviate symptoms of skin irritation. Although chitosan may be potentially safe and beneficial to most adults, pregnant women should avoid ingesting chitosan.
Impairs Vitamin Absorption
Since chitosan is used primarily as a weight-loss aid, its core function is to prevent the body from absorbing fat. However, according to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, consumption of chitosan may also inhibit effective absorption of essential nutrients, such as vitamins A, D, E and K, as well as calcium. These nutrients support proper growth and development of the fetus and should not be compromised.
May Cause Allergic Reaction
Individuals allergic to shellfish should refrain from ingesting this supplement, as it may lead to a severe reaction known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction that may result in a tightening of the airways and may also have a life-threatening effect for both the mother and fetus. Additional symptoms include body swelling, hives and loss of consciousness.
May Interact with Medications
Ingestion of chitosan supplements may negatively interact with certain medications. Pregnant women who combine chitosan supplements with blood-thinning medication, such as warfarin, may exhibit increased bleeding or bruising complications due to the adverse effect chitosan has on warfarin. A November 2007 study, published in "The Annals of Pharmacotherapy," discovered that chitosan may potentiate the effects of blood-thinning medication; however, further research is needed to validate this claim.
Additional Considerations
Potential side effects of chitosan ingestion include mild gastrointestinal complications, such as constipation, diarrhea, gas and a loss of appetite. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, or UPMC, also notes that consumption of chitosan supplements may lead to arsenic poisoning, as shellfish may absorb concentrated amounts of arsenic from the water. If chitosan supplements are taken over an extended period of time, UPMC reports that they may support the growth of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.
References
- University of Michigan Health System; Chitosan; December 2009
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Chitosan; April 2011
- MedlinePlus; Anaphylaxis; May 2010
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Chitosan; February 2011
- "The Annals of Pharmacotherapy"; Chitosan Potentiation of Warfarin Effect; S.S. Huang, et al.; November 2007
