Potassium is essential for many aspects of a healthy body, including muscle function. Low levels of potassium can cause leg cramps. Most people can boost their potassium levels by eating the right foods or by taking a multivitamin that includes potassium. Some health conditions and medications, however, can deplete the mineral enough to create a need for potassium supplements. Consult your health care provider before taking these supplements.
Potassium Requirements
Low potassium is a common cause of leg cramps, particularly cramps associated with exercise. Muscles lose potassium during exercise, and some of this mineral is lost through sweat as well. The recommended daily intake for adults is 4.7 g per day, and if you regularly engage in hard exercise, you may need more. Potassium-rich foods include meat, fish, milk, fruit, vegetables and beans. One banana, one potato or 1 cup of orange juice can replace the potassium you lose during two hours of intense exercise, according to an article by J. Anderson, et al., at the Colorado State University Extension website.
Supplements
Certain diseases and medications remove potassium from the body, which can lead not only to leg cramps but to constipation, fatigue, weakness and abnormal heart rhythms. Diarrhea and vomiting can deplete potassium, as does kidney disease. Diuretic medications also can cause low potassium. Potassium supplements prevent deficiency. See your doctor for a blood test to confirm low potassium before taking supplements, as high levels of potassium can be dangerous, advises MedlinePlus.
Availability
Potassium supplements are available as a liquid; as regular, extended-release and effervescent tablets; and in capsule, powder and granule formulations. Take the supplement according to your doctor's directions and do not take more than he recommends. Usually the supplement is taken with food. Drink a full glass of liquid along with it as well.
Side Effects
Treating leg cramps with potassium supplements rather than with food or the amount in multivitamins can cause side effects. You could experience an upset stomach, nausea or diarrhea. Certain side effects indicate high potassium levels. Consult your doctor if you develop any unusual symptoms while taking potassium supplements. Some effects to watch for include confusion, listlessness, heaviness or weakness in your legs; cold or grayish skin; and tingling, prickling or burning sensations in your hands, arms, feet or legs.
