American and Korean ginseng both belong to the same Panax family of plants. Both types of ginseng are available in health food stores in cut herb form or in capsules, tablets and tinctures. The FDA does not oversee the production and sale of herbal remedies, so there is no guarantee of effectiveness, quality or safety. Consult your doctor before using either type of ginseng as a dietary supplement or to treat a medical condition.
Plant Characteristics and Components
Korean ginseng, or Panax ginseng, is native to Asia, while American ginseng, or Panax quinquefolius, is native to the Americas. Both plants are now grown commercially in many parts of the world. Korean and American ginseng are perennial plants, harvested for their roots. Both plants contain ginsenosides, which may be responsible for their medicinal benefits, according to the "PDR for Herbal Medicines," although Korean ginseng contains more of the constituent than does American ginseng.
Additional constituents include triterpene saponins, polysaccharides and polyynes. Both ginseng plants are thought to have antioxidant properties and may be adaptogens, meaning they may reduce the body's reaction to stress triggers. Studies confirming these effects are lacking.
About American Ginseng
American ginseng may be beneficial in the treatment of colds and flu, diabetes, cancer and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. It may also boost the immune system, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Clinical testing is necessary to verify these benefits.
About Korean Ginseng
Korean Ginseng has a long history of use in Asian medicines and may be beneficial for increasing mental and physical endurance, reports the "Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine." It may also be useful in improving memory and in the treatment of fatigue, exhaustion, diabetes, cancer, high cholesterol, chronic illness and poor appetite. Although there is no scientific proof that it is effective, Korean ginseng is also popular for use as an aphrodisiac.
Considerations
Korean ginseng is more potent than American ginseng, but both herbs are considered safe when taken as directed on the packages. At higher than recommended dosages, Korean and American ginseng products may cause nervousness, insomnia, headaches, diarrhea, nosebleed and vomiting. In women, ginseng may cause vaginal bleeding and breast tenderness.
References
- "PDR for Herbal Medicines, 2nd Edition"; Joerg Gruenwald, PhD, 2000
- "Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine, Volume 2"; Jacqueline L. Longe; 2005
- University of Maryland Medical Center: American Ginseng
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