Caffeine & Tyramine

Caffeine is a plant based alkaloid most commonly known for its content in beverages such as coffee, sodas and some teas. Tyramine is a metabolite that comes from the amino acid L-tyrosine. Both agents have been used as mild stimulant agents and may cause a number of health effects including migraine, anxiety, increased blood pressure and migraines. In addition they may cause drug and supplement interactions. Talk to your health professional about all of your medical history including medical conditions and medicines or supplements that you may be using.

Migraine Headache

People who suffer from migraine headaches are sometimes advised to stay on a low-tyramine diet, as tyramine may trigger a migraine. Tyramine is contained in many processed and fermented foods such as deli meats, aged cheeses, wine and beer and some fruits and vegetables including soy products, beans, bananas and figs. Those with a history of migraines are also often advised to avoid caffeine. Combining the two substances may make migraines worse or more frequent.

Drug Interaction with Tyramine

Tyramine is metabolized by an enzyme known as mono-amine oxidase to its inactive state. A class of medications known as mono-amine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) is used for a number of mental disorders including depression and Alzheimers disease and may prevent the breakdown of tyramine. This may cause a "tyramine reaction" which may result in headaches, as well as increased blood pressure and heart rate.

Drug Interactions with Caffeine

Though caffeine is not metabolized in the same way, people on MAOIs are also advised to avoid consuming large amounts of caffeine to avoid the high blood pressure and other effects that may result. Caffeine may also decrease the effectiveness of blood pressure and other cardiac medications along with those taken for anxiety. Talk to your doctor about all your medications and diet to avoid possible complications.

Tyramine Interactions caused by L-Tyrosine

The amino acid L-tyrosine is necessary for neurotransmitter production. It is present in many foods and also available as a supplement. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, it may be helpful for people suffering from stress, sleep deprivation and depression, but its conversion in the body to tyramine may precipitate all of the problems associated with tyramine. It should not be taken by anyone who is on low-tyramine diets for migraine, those with high blood pressure or those taking MAOIs. It should also be avoided by those who consume large amounts of caffeine.