Paraplegia is a paralysis that affects all or a portion of the trunk, legs and pelvic organs. A spinal cord injury often results in permanent loss of movement below the site of the injury, explains the Mayo Clinic. Being confined to a wheelchair does not mean you can no longer exercise. A well-rounded fitness program for paraplegics should include aerobic or cardiovascular conditioning and muscle-building exercises
Considerations
Paraplegics can improve cardiovascular fitness by performing endurance exercises on a regular basis, explains the Canadian Paraplegic Association, or CPA. Activities should take place regularly and be vigorous enough to reap cardiovascular benefits. Moderately intense exercise doesn't place as much stress on the body and is therefore less likely to result in injury than a more-strenuous workout.
Types
Free-wheeling at a fast pace on a outdoor pathway or on long stretches of wheelchair-accessible sidewalks is an effective form of endurance training. Keep your arms moving as you work to maintain a moderately difficult trek. Limit coasting to prevent a drop in heart rate. The cardiovascular benefits will be reduced if free-wheeling feels too easy.
Arm-crank training can improve cardiovascular fitness and help build strength, although it doesn't require the heart and lungs to work as hard as they must during free-wheeling. Basketball, track and field, tennis and other wheelchair sports can help improve cardiovascular fitness for the paraplegic, notes the CPA.
Benefits
Exercises that build strength and endurance help ensure that a paraplegic can live independently and carry out daily activities. Regular cardiovascular exercise can lower the risk of heart disease and increase the efficiency of the heart both at rest and during exercise. Committing to free-wheeling or a wheelchair-friendly sports activity can improve blood flow to the muscles and skin, help control weight, diminish fatigue and increase energy levels.
Precautions
Just as your body needs exercise, it also requires rest. Exercising five days a week is generally sufficient, because more-frequent workouts can increase the risk of injury, explains the CPA. Check with your health-care provider before beginning a new exercise program, particularly if you have high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease.
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