Vitamin A plays an important role in many bodily functions, such as healthy vision and the formation and maintenance of skin, tissue, membranes, teeth and skin. Retinol, the active form of vitamin A, is one supplement that may prevent deficiency symptoms. Beta carotene is another substance that converts to vitamin A when it enters the body. Many doctors recommend supplementing your diet with beta carotene to prevent vitamin A deficiency, due to its safety and effectiveness.
General Information
Beta carotene is classified as a carotenoid, which is the name for a group of red, yellow and orange pigments that provide color for a variety of foods. According to the National Institutes of Health, beta carotene provides about half of the average American's vitamin A intake. Beta carotene is converted into retinol in the small intestine, based on the body's need for vitamin A. This newly converted vitamin A is then transferred to the liver, where it is stored until the body needs it.
Supplementation
According to "Nutrition" by Paul Insel and other authors, most healthy adults do not need to take beta carotene food supplements. As with most vitamins and minerals, food sources are usually the best way to obtain adequate amounts of beta carotene. Certain conditions may warrant supplementation. The National Institutes of Health reports that people with AIDS, alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, headache, heartburn, high blood pressure, infertility, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, schizophrenia and skin disorders may benefit from beta carotene supplements. Consult your doctor before taking beta carotene supplements on a regular basis.
Dosage
Research has yet to determine the appropriate dosage for beta carotene when used for general health and disease prevention. Dosage has been studied for patients who have erythropoietic protoporphyria, sun sensitivity and age-related macular degeneration. As noted by the National Institutes of Health, beta carotene supplements may come in water-based or oil-based forms. Generally speaking, studies have shown that water-based beta carotene supplements are most easily absorbed by the body. For optimal health benefit, eat five servings of fruits and vegetables each day in order to obtain adequate beta carotene.
Safety
As with any dietary supplement, beta carotene may cause undesirable side effects under certain conditions. Taking large doses of beta carotene may cause the skin to turn orange or yellow, although this condition is harmless. The National Institutes of Health recommends that pregnant and breastfeeding women avoid beta carotene food supplements. Beta carotene supplements may also increase the chances of developing cancer in smokers and people who have been exposed to asbestos. Avoid taking beta carotene supplements if you have had an angioplasty, since they may interfere with the healing process.
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