Antidepressants are commonly used for the treatment of clinical depression. There are various types of medications that work in a variety of ways, and though they may not alleviate all of your depressive symptoms, they often reduce symptoms, according to the Mayo Clinic. There are side effects of the medications that vary depending on the drug, and you may have to try more than one antidepressant to find the one that is right for you.
MAOIs
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were the first drugs formulated for depression. They include phenelzine and isocarboxazid. Side effects of MAOIs include dry mouth, constipation, lightheadedness, low blood pressure, fatigue and drowsiness, problems with sexual functioning, low urine output, weight gain, trembling and weakness, the Mayo Clinic reports. With MAOIs, there are also dietary restrictions because foods that have a lot of tyramine (a chemical) in them can interact with the medication and cause very high blood pressure that can lead to a stroke. These foods can include chocolate, beer, wine, various types of cheeses, meats and pickled foods, the Mayo Clinic says.
SSRIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are some of the most widely prescribed drugs for depression, according to the Harvard Mental Health Letter. Drugs in this class include fluoxetine and sertraline. Side effects of these medications can include headache, nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea and insomnia; these are typically temporary, the Harvard newsletter states. Lowered libido and trouble reaching orgasm are also side effects of SSRIs. There is a small risk that SSRIs may increase suicidal thoughts, but according to the Harvard Mental Health Letter, all antidepressants doubled the risk of suicidal thoughts in patients when compared to a placebo.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were one of the first types of antidepressants formulated, according to the Mayo Clinic, and include imipramine and nortriptyline. Side effects of TCAs can include dry mouth, disorientation or confusion, low blood pressure, increased appetite and weight gain, constipation, urinary retention and problems with sexual functioning, the Mayo Clinic reports. Because the side effects of TCAs are more severe than other types, these drugs are not typically used as first-line treatments for depression anymore.
SNRIs and Atypical Antidepressants
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a newer class of antidepressants that include venlafaxine and duloxetine. Side effects are similar to those of SSRIs, according to the Mayo Clinic. Atypical antidepressants like buproprion and trazodone are antidepressants that do not fit into any of the above categories. These medications can be sedating, but may also cause fewer problems with sexual functioning, according to the Mayo Clinic.
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