A stroke can be a devastating event, requiring months or even years of rehabilitation for recovery. While caffeine and alcohol were once thought to be risk factors for strokes, recent evidence reveals that in moderation they may actually improve some stroke outcomes. Be sure to talk to your doctor about whether caffeine and alcohol are safe additions to your diet.
Stroke Overview
A stroke occurs when there is a lack of oxygen to brain tissues, causing permanent damage. According to the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, there are two main types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic. An ischemic stroke, the most common type, occurs when blood flow to part of the brain stops or decreases. A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a burst blood vessel causes bleeding in the brain, leading to tissue damage. People who have had one stroke are often at risk for subsequent strokes, and may be placed on medications or diets to reduce their potential for future events. In the past, this has included moderation of caffeine and alcohol; however, recent research indicates that this may not be necessary.
Alcohol and Stroke
The relationship between alcohol and a stroke is not always black and white. The NINDS describes alcohol as a modifiable risk factor for stroke. In other words, reducing your alcohol intake reduces your risk for stroke and related blood vessel diseases. This statement refers to heavy alcohol intake, which increases your risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Binge drinking may have the same effect. Light to moderate alcohol intake, however, may have the opposite effect. According to the NINDS, regular light alcohol consumption may keep blood thin enough to prevent the type of clots that can lead to ischemic strokes. MayoClinic.com refers to alcohol as both a risk factor and a preventative measure for stroke, depending on how much of it is consumed.
Caffeine and Stroke
Caffeine use is in another grey area when it comes to stroke risks and rehabilitation. According to the National Stroke Association, caffeine has traditionally been linked with an increased risk for hemorrhagic strokes. Caffeine abuse can lead to tightening of the blood vessels, which increases a person's blood pressure: a common risk factor for stroke. However, like alcohol, small amounts of caffeine may be beneficial. In particular, the National Stroke Association states that caffeine may improve outcomes of those undergoing rehab after their stroke: it can help increase concentration, which may improve their functional gains in therapy.
Guidelines
In 1999, a University of Texas study gained attention when it suggested that a combination of alcohol and caffeine following stroke could improve recovery when given in the hours immediately following the event. However, this was a single study with little follow-up research. In addition, the study participants were closely monitored by physicians during their recovery, which took place in a hospital environment. This does not mean that caffeine and alcohol are beneficial for all people with stroke. For some, caffeine and alcohol may actually be harmful following a stroke. If you have had a stroke, be sure to discuss the benefits and risks of both caffeine and alcohol use with a doctor before you try them.
References
- MayoClinic.com: Stroke; July 2010
- National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Stroke: Hope Through Research; June 2011
- National Stroke Association: Stroke Smart Magazine: News You Can Use; January/February 2007
- "Texas Medical Center News"; Alcohol and Caffeine May Aid Stroke Victims; Sandra Henry; November 1999
