1. Keep Your Heart Healthy
Your blood is contained within an intricate network of arteries and veins, with your heart at the center of the action. Oxygenated blood is pumped away from the heart via arteries and deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart via veins. Physical activity temporarily speeds up this process, causing the heart to pump the blood faster and faster. The more you exercise, the more efficient your heart becomes. This is why you will feel progressively less short of breath and more fit as you continue on an exercise program.
2. Lifestyle Can Affect Your Arteries
Your diet, activity level and genetics can all affect your arteries. Over time, an unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle and genetic factors can cause the lining of your arteries to become clogged with fat deposits called plaques. These can constrict your blood vessels, leading to poor circulation. If this occurs in the arteries of the heart, a heart attack may occur. In the brain, a stroke may occur. Consuming a healthy diet that is low in saturated fats, engaging in regular exercise and quitting smoking can all help to preserve arterial health.
3. Unhealthy Veins Can Cause Swelling
Blood flows back to the heart via a network of veins. All of our veins have one-way valves that prevent the backflow of blood. This natural mechanism prevents our arms and legs from becoming swollen from pooled blood. Occasionally, these valves can malfunction, leading to swelling, especially in the legs. Wearing support hose, avoiding standing for long periods of time and elevating your legs can all help alleviate swelling. Occasionally, your health care provider may also prescribe a diuretic, or water pill, if your swelling is severe enough.
4. Freezing Hands and Feet Could Indicate Raynaud's Disease
Raynaud's disease is a common disorder caused by the spasm of blood vessels in response to cold temperature. Symptoms include discoloration of fingers and toes, pain and numbness or tingling. Keeping your hands and feet covered and warm in winter months can help you avoid flares. However, some people experience severe and recurring attacks that necessitate the use of a medication often used to control blood pressure. Ask your health care provider if a medication such as a calcium channel blocker is right for you.
5. Raynaud's Is Not the Same as Frostbite
Frostbite is quite a different phenomenon from Raynaud's, in that permanent tissue damage can occur. With frostbite, tissue that is exposed to extremely cold temperatures can lead to cell death. The most commonly affected areas include fingers, toes, the nose and ears. Symptoms of frostbite include hard, waxy and white-looking skin that is numb or painful. If you suspect frostbite, run your hands under warm water. Avoid using hot water, since your perception of temperature is altered. Avoid rubbing the injured tissue, since this can cause permanent damage. Reduce your risk of frostbite by covering all extremities with warm, dry clothes that wick away perspiration (synthetic materials are best).
