Tetanus refers to a major and potentially life-threatening condition caused by the Clostridium tetani (C. tetani) bacteria, states Medline Plus. Stepping on a nail makes you prone to developing tetanus because the dirt and rust on it can carry the C. tetani bacteria. You can get a tetanus shot to protect your body from the C. tetani virus for up to 10 years. You need to be immunized every 10 years. If you do step on a rusty nail that penetrates the skin, call your doctor.
Muscle Spasms
When the nail penetrates your foot, the Clostridium tetani bacteria can spread into your blood and affect the muscles of your jaw, stomach, neck, back, face and chest, states the Mayo Clinic. You may experience intense spasms characterized by intense pain and the inability to move the affected region of the body. If tetany (sustained muscle contractions) is left untreated, muscle tears and fractures can result.
Lock Jaw and Opisthotonos
MedlinePlus states that mild jaw muscle spasms can lead to stiffness and result in a condition informally called "lock jaw." This is a dangerous condition that can prevent you from speaking and eating. Opisthotonos refers to an abnormal posture that occurs when your back, neck, chest and stomach muscles are stiff. Your back will severely arch and your head will also extend. This is a medical emergency; get to your doctor immediately or call 911.
Breathing Problems
The Mayo Clinic states that the Clostridium tetani bacteria can spread to your respiratory muscles, constrict them and affect your breathing. This is a medical emergency; call 911.
Other Symptoms
According to MedlinePlus, other tetanus symptoms include drooling, sweating and irritability. You may also be feverish, have difficulty swallowing and become incontinent of urine or stool. Call your doctor if any of these symptoms develop.
