Your body requires the mineral potassium to maintain a normal and healthy functioning of your cells, tissues and organs. A healthy potassium balance is necessary, because negative side effects can occur when potassium levels become too high or too low. It is best to balance your potassium intake through your diet, and check with your doctor before supplementing with vitamins and minerals to lower or raise your potassium levels.
Potassium
Potassium is an electrolyte, meaning that it conducts electricity in your body along with other minerals such as sodium, chloride, calcium and magnesium. Potassium aids the in the functioning of the heart, skeletal and smooth muscle contractions and is necessary for digestion. Most adults obtain the recommended 2000 mg of potassium daily in their diet. Foods that are high in potassium include bananas, orange juice, avocados, cantaloupes, tomatoes, potatoes, salmon, cod and chicken. Potassium can also be consumed through supplements such as potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate. Supplements can be in the form of tablets, capsules, powders and liquids. Potassium is also found in multivitamins.
Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia occurs when potassium levels become too high, which may result in muscle weakness, diarrhea and chest pain or heart palpitations. Individuals at risk for hyperkalemia are individuals who are undergoing chemotherapy, bleeding internally, taking ACE inhibiters or potassium-sparing diuretics, diabetics, individuals with endocrine or hormonal problems or people who consume excess salt substitutes that contain potassium. If you have been diagnosed with hyperkalemia through a blood test, your doctor may advise you not to consume foods high in potassium such as bananas, citrus fruits, potatoes or leafy green vegetables, and avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can contribute to electrolyte imbalances.
Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia occurs when the body does not contain enough potassium for normal functioning. This can result in weakness, lack of energy, muscle cramps, stomach disturbances or irregular heartbeat. Hypokalemia usually occurs when too much potassium is lost through urine or the intestines and can become life threatening if not treated by a doctor, notes University Maryland Medical Center.
Considerations
Because potassium levels can be controlled with diet, it is not necessary to take vitamin or mineral supplements to raise or lower your potassium levels unless directed by your doctor. Individuals with hyperkalemia or at risk for developing hyperkalemia should consume a low-potassium diet by reading food labels and avoiding any foods containing potassium chloride. Avoid consuming processed or canned foods high in sodium and potassium, and soak or boil your vegetables and fruits in water to help reduce the potassium content. Avoid sport drinks, coffee and chocolate. Always check with your doctor before taking any vitamins or supplements.
