Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, causes symptoms similar to those of a cold: runny nose, congestion, sinus pressure and sneezing, according to the Mayo Clinic (see Reference 1). Some people have only minor symptoms that do not require treatment, while for other people, these symptoms can be persistent and more severe, warranting medication. While most medication for allergic rhinitis will not completely eradicate symptoms, the drugs will greatly reduce the symptoms.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids may be taken nasally or orally. The nasal sprays address the inflammation of the sinuses that is caused by allergic rhinitis, and are typically the first medications prescribed (see Reference 1). Drugs of this type include fluticasone (Flonase), mometasone (Nasonex) and fluticasone (Veramyst). These start to have an effect shortly after use, but noticeable effects may not be seen until up to a week after treatment begins. Oral corticosteroids such as prednisone can be taken for severe allergy symptoms, but due to side effects, are generally only prescribed for short-term use.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines can also come in nasal and oral forms, and help with sneezing and runny nose though they do not have a major effect on congestion (see Reference 1). These drugs block the chemical histamine, which causes inflammation. Over-the-counter antihistamines include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), loratadine (Claritin and Alavert) and cetirizine (Zyrtec); prescription varieties include fexofenadine (Allegra) and azelastine (Astelin). (See References 1 and 2.)
Decongestants
Like the other medications, these can be both prescription or over-the-counter, and can be in tablet, liquid or nasal spray form. Drugs in this category include Sudafed, Actifed and Afrin. These medications can raise blood pressure, so they should not be used if you suffer from high blood pressure (see Reference 1 and 2).
Leukotriene Modifiers
Montelukast (Singulair) is a drug that falls into this category. Leukotrienes are chemicals in the immune system that can cause symptoms such as the production of mucus. These drugs help block the actions of these chemicals (see Reference 1). In addition to treating allergic rhinitis, leukotriene modifiers are also used to treat allergic asthma.
