Geographic tongue gets its name from the maplike appearance caused by the smooth, red lesions on your tongue. Fortunately, geographic tongue is benign and doesn't require major treatment; however, it may not ever go away entirely, and you may not be able to enjoy your favorite spicy foods and alcoholic beverages during a flare-up.
Causes and Symptoms
Researchers haven't pinpointed an exact cause for geographic tongue, although family history may play a role. The condition is a result of an immune system error; certain white blood cells that are supposed to reduce inflammation instead cause lesions on your tongue. Symptoms include irregular red patches on your tongue that change in size, location and shape; you may also experience pain or a burning sensation.
Food Triggers
Hot, spicy, salty and acidic foods increase pain and discomfort during a geographic tongue flare-up. Because alcohol is acidic and often feels "hot" in your mouth and throat, it may contribute to the problem as well. There may be a link between vitamin B deficiency and geographic tongue; although further study is needed, consider getting tested for this deficiency if you have persistent flare-ups.
Complications
Geographic tongue is harmless, and is not linked to higher likelihood or increased risk of any other conditions. However, the symptoms of geographic tongue can be similar to those of other, more serious conditions or diseases. See a doctor if symptoms persist, and get medical attention immediately if you have trouble breathing, speaking, chewing or swallowing, or if your tongue is severely swollen.
Solutions
Avoid spicy foods, alcohol and anything else causing you pain during a flare-up. Antihistamine gels or steroidal rinses can help ease discomfort. Tell your doctor if your symptoms last longer than 10 days.
