If you follow step-by-step instructions to solve a problem, you are using an algorithm. Installing a new stereo system, for instance, would come with specific, step-by-step directions, making it an algorithm. On the other hand, solving your problem without a previously established set of rules means you are using a heuristic, such as educated guesses and "mental shortcuts." To sharpen your math skills and analytical abilities, some exercises may prove helpful.
Real-life Algorithms
If your cable has ever gone out, forcing you to call your local cable company for help, you have experienced a real-life algorithm at work. The operator will go through a series of questions in a certain order to quickly eliminate non-contributing factors and isolate the cause of your cable problem. Algorithms are designed to provide solutions in the quickest, most-efficient way.
Algorithm Exercises
Learn problem-solving strategies and get a better grasp on algorithms and their usefulness by looking at instruction manuals. For instance, when you purchase a baby's high chair, the box comes with many loose parts and an instruction booklet. Go through each step, and discuss with a partner why that step is necessary and what additional processes might follow. Another exercise for the same example would be to look at the assembled high-chair in the store, then discuss with a partner what the steps should be to put the chair together. Incorrect results also provide an opportunity for discussion regarding algorithms.
Real-life Heuristics
You use heuristics to solve problems all the time. If you have heard people talking about a new restaurant in town and decide to try it, this is a heuristic. The problem is, you may have heard people talking and forgot that their impression of the restaurant was poor, making the solution to your problem incorrect. You also use heuristics when you round numbers for quick math work, if you break a large task into smaller sub-groups or base your opinion on previous results.
Heuristic Exercises
Most life-situations do not have a set of instructions, so keen problem-solving skills can come in handy. Build your heuristic arsenal with tools like sub-goals -- break a daunting task into smaller, easier to reach goals. If you need to lose 50 lbs., break that down into 5- or 10-lb. increments, for example. Another technique is brainstorming -- quickly write down all of your ideas to solve a problem without thinking through their probability. Once you have a lengthy list, go through to evaluate each idea's usefulness. Incubation is another technique -- simply mull over a problem and allow your mind to come up with solutions.
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