Often viewed as simply the building block of bones and teeth, calcium is actually essential for a wide variety of physiological processes. All types of muscle contraction and nerve transmission are controlled by calcium. If your calcium levels decrease, the muscles and other organ systems may be seriously affected.
Low Calcium and Muscle
Low levels of calcium in the blood may cause muscle cramps and spasms. Calcium and potassium are electrolytes that maintain fluid balance in your body. Dehydration and potassium deficiency will exacerbate the symptoms of low calcium. Your heart is another muscle that relies on calcium for the regulation of contraction. A low level of calcium may cause abnormal heart rhythms and convulsions. If left untreated, low calcium is life-threatening.
Other Symptoms
Low calcium levels may also affect nerve function and cause numbness or tingling sensations in the extremities. You may experience a loss of appetite. People who do not consume enough calcium-rich foods are at an increased risk for osteoporosis and osteomalacia. These bone diseases leave the bones softer and more fragile, increasing the risk of fractures.
Amounts
Adult men and women need 1,000 mg of calcium each day. Older adults are at an increased risk of calcium deficiency. The recommended daily amount of calcium increases to 1,200 mg for women over age 51 and men over age 71. Most people can meet their calcium needs by including three to four servings of milk, yogurt, cheese or other calcium-rich foods in their daily eating plan. Calcium supplements are available for individuals who do not eat dairy foods and other calcium-rich foods.
Treatment
Most muscle cramps or spasms respond to a combination of rest and self-care. If you are exercising and dehydrated, drink water immediately. In some cases, this may decrease the pain associated with muscle cramping. When the spasms begin, apply heat to the affected area. After the initial pain has improved, switch to ice to speed healing. Call your doctor if you experience muscle pain or spasms that are severe and long-lasting.
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