1. Understanding a Decubitus Ulcer
A decubitus ulcer, better known as a pressure sore or a bedsore, is a skin ulceration caused by prolonged immobility. In simpler terms, it is a bad skin sore that is the direct result of continuous pressure being put on a bony area of the body for a long period of time. A decubitus ulcer is most commonly seen in elderly patients over 70 who are being hospitalized in a nursing home or in a long term care facility.
2. Not All People Feel Bedsores
It is hard to believe that as bad as some bedsores appear, some people do not feel them. People who have neurological damage or are mentally incompetent may not feel the pain that a bedsore usually causes. This is why it is so important that patients who are bedridden be turned and moved into a different position frequently. They may not always feel the pain or may be unable to tell you that it is hurting them.
3. Stages of a Decubitus Ulcer
There are four distinct stages of a bedsore. Each stage has different symptoms and appearances. In a stage I bedsore, the skin is still intact, but the area where the pressure is applies will be red and feel warm to the touch. In stage II, the bedsore may appear to be a blister and the first layer of skin will be eroding. Stage III is marked by lesions and breaking skin, and bleeding may begin. In Stage IV, bones can fracture and muscles and tissue can deteriorate.
4. Treatment and Cure of Bedsores
The first step in successfully treating a bedsore is to remove the source of the pressure. This could include a new bed or chair for the patient. A specialized surface such as an air mattress could also help. Next, treat the wound. It should be kept clean and free from urine and feces at all times. The doctor will decide if a dressing is necessary by diagnosing the stage and degree of the sore. There are also several ointments and antibiotics that can be applied to the sore, depending on its size, stage and degree. Finally, whirlpool baths usually work well for soothing painful bedsores. Most stage I and stage II pressure sores heal themselves. However, stage III and stage IV pressure sores require ointments and sometimes surgical reconstruction.
5. Prevention of Bedsores
If a patient is bedridden and unable to turn themselves, they should be turned or put into a different position at least every two to three hours. Close monitoring and proper attention and care is necessary to prevent bedsores from forming.
