Anemia is a condition that affects red-blood cells. Pernicious anemia occurs when your red-blood cells decrease because of a deficiency in vitamin B12. One of the primary functions of vitamin B12 is the production of red blood cells. If you have pernicious anemia you may also have a problem with absorbing vitamin B12 from dietary sources, but a supplement of vitamin B12 may help.
Problem
Pernicious anemia develops when the stomach fails to produce intrinsic factor. This is the glycoprotein that assists the absorption of vitamin B12. The production of intrinsic factor is affected when the layer of the stomach responsible for producing stomach secretions is not functioning properly. This also causes gastric atrophy, or a weakening of the smooth stomach muscles that affects the secretion of intrinsic factor.
B12-Tablet Absorption
It may be possible for those with pernicious anemia to absorb B12 in a tablet supplement. About 1 percent of the vitamin B12 in a tablet can be absorbed without the presence of intrinsic factor, according to the Office of Dietary Supplements. Therefore, under the supervision of a doctor, high doses of vitamin B12 may be enough to fulfill your dietary needs.
Other Methods
Tablets are not the only form of vitamin B12 that you can take. Your doctor may suggest another form if you are having trouble with the vitamin B12 tablet. To bypass absorption of the vitamin, you can have an intramuscular injection of the vitamin. This places the vitamin right into your bloodstream, taking your digestive problems out of the picture. You might also be given the option of taking an intranasal gel. Talk to your doctor about your options.
Warnings and Precautions
If you think you may have a problem with vitamin B12 absorption, see your doctor. Symptoms of pernicious anemia include weakness, fatigue, pale skin, trouble breathing, nerve damage, no appetite, swollen and red tongue, bleeding gums and problems with concentration. Older adults, pregnant women and vegetarians may be at higher risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency.
