Nutrition, genetics and the environment influence the rate at which toddlers develop. Knowledge of normal child development provides parents with information on what to expect from children at each stage. Toddlers reach many milestones between the ages of 1 and 3 as they develop improved motor, language and social skills. When toddlers do not reach expected milestones on time, knowledge of development helps parents recognize the need to advocate for intervention services.
Development of 1-Year-Old Children
A 1-year-old child typically reaches important physical developmental milestones. He walks without assistance prior to 14 months and learns to drink from a cup without assistance. He also begins attempting to feed himself. A 1-year-old child begins talking and as he nears his second birthday, can usually form two word sentences. He learns to follow simple directions such as pointing to a body part or pointing out an animal in a book.
Social Interactions of 1-Year-Old Children
Children begin to want to do things independently between the ages of 1 and 2. They enjoy parallel play, where they play next to another child, without engaging in play together. They do not remember concepts and rules. They begin engaging in pretend play. Sharing proves difficult as they become possessive of their belongings. They exhibit rapidly changing moods and show more fears. They seek comfort and help when feeling anxious. They commonly exhibit frequent temper tantrums.
Development of 2-Year-Old Children
A 2-year-old child makes great gains in her gross and fine motor skills. She becomes very active and enjoy walking, running, jumping and climbing up and down stairs. She begins showing an interest in toilet training. She has the ability to learn short rhymes and simple songs. Her language development increases as she starts stringing three or more words together. She learns to communicate feelings and expresses her needs verbally.
Social Interactions of 2-Year-Old Children
2-year-old children engage in pretend play and learn to participate in simple games. They try to become increasingly independent and may so "no" when told to do things or may do the opposite of what they are told. They frequently imitate adult behaviors and want to help with household tasks and chores. They develop empathy for others but continue to struggle with sharing and conflict resolution. Their ability to share and take turns increases as they approach 3 years old.
References
- National Network for Child Care: Toddler Development
- "Child and Adolescent Development"; Kelvin Seifert et. al; 1997
- Zero to Three: Development of Social-Emotional Skills
