Potassium is a mineral and an electrolyte that is important to the proper functioning of your body. Potassium plays a major role in regulating water and acid-base balance, in creating energy, and in normal growth. Therefore, it is a vital part of the diet. While the body has an intricate system to maintain appropriate potassium levels, deficiency or toxicity can sometimes occur.
Potassium Requirements
The adequate intake for potassium varies by age and gender. However, for all adolescents and adults, 4,700 mg is recommended daily. Keeping your potassium intake around this level will ensure that you get the most benefit out of your potassium and that you do not suffer from a potassium imbalance and its side effects. Foods that are high in potassium include melon, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes and dried fruits.
Toxicity
Hyperkalemia, or high blood potassium levels, are rare. This is because potassium is water soluble, meaning most excess will be excreted in the urine rather than stored in the body. If a person experiences potassium toxicity, it is likely due to an underlying medical condition such as kidney disease. Potassium toxicity can cause changes in cardiac function and is therefore very dangerous. However, it may not present outward symptoms; if symptoms are seen, they may include nausea, muscle weakness and fatigue.
Deficiency
Potassium deficiency, or hypokalemia, can be caused by a decrease in appetite, diuretic use, or lack of a healthy diet, and is much more common than potassium toxicity. It can also be just as dangerous, causing hypertension, congestive heart failure, depression and heart problems, among other things. Symptoms of a potassium deficiency include constipation, muscle weakness, nausea, excess urination and thirst.
Considerations
If you are experiencing symptoms of a potassium imbalance, call your doctor immediately as this can be life threatening. While it is generally safe to take a multivitamin containing potassium, you should talk to your doctor first to ensure that it is right for you. Try to choose a multivitamin with no more than 100 percent of the RDI for potassium and other nutrients, as this amount, in conjunction with a healthy diet, will help to keep your potassium levels in balance.
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