Blisters are the result of an irritant, either heat, friction, pressure or allergic reactions. As the skin becomes irritated, it directs fluid to the area to form a soft protective cushion, thereby creating a blister. Hikers are especially prone to blisters because they often have wet feet from crossing streams or walking in the rain. In addition, hikers place extra stress on their feet through the use of heavy packs and long walks.
Fluid Filled
A blister's final stage is when it is filled with fluid, mostly comprising water. The first step in treatment is to drain the fluid. Take a needle and sterilize it with rubbing alcohol or hand sanitizer or by holding the needle over a flame for a few seconds. Prick the edge of the blister and squeeze it to drain out all the fluid. Sterilize the blister and surrounding area with antiseptic and cover it with a durable bandage.
Non-Fluid Filled
If your blister has yet to fill with fluid and is only a sore red area on your foot, treatment options are generally aimed at reducing inflammation and irritation. Common products used on the trail are moleskin and blister pads. Moleskin is a cushioned, adhesive bandage that you cut to the size of the irritated area and apply directly to the skin. Blister pads do not provide cushioning but rather reduce friction that can cause blisters. When considering which method to use, consider the most likely cause of your blister: friction or acute pressure.
Alternative Treatments
While you should always hike with a full set of blister treatment equipment, situations may arise where you need to treat a blister with alternatives. Duct tape and a clean piece of cloth from a bandana or T-shirt can be used to form a makeshift bandage. A sterilized knife or sharp pair of scissors can take the place of a needle and very strong glue can act as a protective skin covering for blisters in the making.
Prevention
Ideally, you never will have to treat blisters because you use proper prevention strategies. The first step to blister prevention is footwear. Your boots or hiking shoes should fit snugly and prevent your foot from sliding around, which can cause blisters. Your socks should be made from a soft, non-abrasive fabric, even when wet; cotton is terrible for blisters when wet or soaked in sweat. You also should engage in active blister prevention behavior by removing your boots during breaks, changing your socks frequently and always taking the time to investigate pinching or uneven pressure inside your boot caused by bunched-up socks, pebbles or debris.
