Hip subluxation is a partial dislocation of the hip. Caused by trauma, overuse or congenital conditions, some cases do not require surgery. Horseback riding demands strength in the hips, particularly from the hip flexors and the adductor muscles, which help you keep your seat. Riding can lead to hip injuries from overuse or falls; however, riding can also strengthen hip muscles. Children or adults with weak leg or hip muscles may benefit from equestrian therapy.
Hip Joint Anatomy
Your hip is a ball and socket joint composed of the head of the thigh bone, or femur, and the acetabulum of the pelvis. Surrounded by ligaments and the labrum -- a circle of cartilage around the acetabulum -- the hip joint provides the mobility you need to walk, run and perform other activities. As a large joint, many muscles attach to the hip bone, the femur and the lower spine. Quadriceps and hamstrings straighten and bend the shin, respectively, while hip flexors pull your thigh toward your torso. Gluteal muscles help straighten and rotate the leg, and adductors pull your legs in toward your body.
Riding and Hip Injury
Equestrian sports like dressage and show jumping require strong hip and leg muscles to keep you on the horse as well as to guide and control your mount. Riding uses the hip flexors, adductors, quadriceps, hamstrings and gluteal muscles to maintain your posture and balance while moving. Because the hip is constantly flexed, long or intense rides can leave your muscles strained and sore, potentially leading to joint instability. Novice riders can feel soreness due to prolonged leg separation while astride the horse. Dressage also stresses hip muscles because this style demands outward hip rotation. Muscle, tendon or ligament strain due to overuse or a fall can lead to hip subluxation.
Riding as Therapy
Regular riding strengthens hip muscles and soft tissues of the hip, especially for those with congenital conditions such as cerebral palsy that can lead to spastic hip subluxation. Technically known as hippotherapy, equine-assisted therapy provides the opportunity to strengthen muscles without walking. Much like balancing on a stability ball, your muscles must react quickly to stay on top of a moving horse. As a result, leg, hip and core muscles benefit from the activity, which, in turn, increases mobility for other daily activities. Many children affected by neurological or musculoskeletal disorders gain the ability to walk after participating in equine-assisted therapy.
Cautions and Considerations
Though horseback riding is a form of exercise, it poses serious risks from falls. Hip subluxations due to trauma may benefit from other, lower-risk types of therapy. Pay attention to your trainer, and follow instructions for proper form and safety. Use only a reputable equine-assisted therapist. Do not attempt equine therapy on your own, as special care and caution must be taken for individuals with weak or spastic muscles.
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