Burning, pain and discomfort after eating are all signs of harmful acid levels in your esophagus. Acid that enters the esophagus after you've consumed food is the result of a chronic condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease, also called GERD. If the harmful acid levels are left unaddressed by a medical professional, certain complications can occur, such as ulcers, narrowing of your esophagus and a greater risk of esophageal cancer, according to MayoClinic.com.
What is GERD?
GERD is a serious digestive condition where the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions by either not fully closing or opening without reason. The sphincter is a flat muscle that acts as a flap to keep stomach acid in the stomach during digestion. If the flap doesn't remain shut, harmful levels of acid are introduced into your esophagus. When this action occurs occasionally it is considered heartburn, causing minor discomfort, burning or pain in the back of your mouth, upper chest and throat.
Cause
The esophagus is made of sensitive soft tissue, covered by a protective layer of mucus. The acid erodes the mucus layer and causes irritation to the tissue underneath. If you experience this type of acid reflux more than twice a week, you're considered to have GERD, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. GERD is commonly prevented through dietary modifications and medications.
Effects
The most common effects of harmful acid levels in your esophagus include chest pain, dry cough, difficulty swallowing, a burning sensation in your chest, a sour taste in your mouth, sore throat, regurgitation of sour liquid and the sensation of a lump in your throat, according to MayoClinic.com. If you develop severe chest pain, accompanied with shortness of breath, arm pain or jaw pain, contact emergency medical personnel. These may be signs of a more serious medical condition, such as a heart attack.
Complications
Because of excessive erosion, your esophageal structure can begin to narrow from scar tissue. The harmful acid causes the pathway of your throat to thicken with extra tissue from damage. Excessive stomach acid in your esophagus can cause ulcers, open sores that can bleed, making it difficulty to swallow. Ulcers may cause blood to appear in your vomit and stool, which needs to be reported to your doctor. If you develop extra tissue in your esophagus, your doctor will perform regular endoscopy exams to look for signs of cancer. Do not attempt to self-treat your condition, but rather see a gastroenterologist as soon as possible to reduce your risk of further complications.
