Swelling in the arm after exercise can stem from a variety of causes, some of them less serious than others. Delayed-onset muscle soreness is a common problem after exercise, and can include swelling as a symptom. In some cases, an underlying medical disorder such as lymphedema is to blame. If the swelling does not go down after several days or is accompanied by other symptoms such as inflammation and redness, seek medical attention.
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
The symptom most associated with delayed-onset muscle soreness is pain, but other symptoms, including swelling, can result. The symptoms of DOMS set in 24 to 48 hours after you have finished exercising and typically disappear after three to 10 days. Other symptoms of DOMS can include stiffness, muscle tenderness and loss of strength. According to researchers at the University of New Mexico, the symptoms of DOMS are not dependent on each other and can present separately or together. The swelling that results from DOMS peaks three to four days after exercise and will usually resolve within 10 days. DOMS is most associated with eccentric exercise, which is resistance against lengthening of the muscle, such as when running downhill or lowering a weight.
Injury
While many injuries to the arm are the result of an acute trauma, such as hitting your arm against an object or tearing a muscle while lifting weights, overuse over time can also lead to injury. Your tendons, ligaments and muscles can wear down if you are moving your arm in a repetitive motion, leading to strains or tears. Swelling can result and can be accompanied by pain and stiffness.
Other Causes
Several underlying medical disorders can cause problems with your circulation, leading to swelling of your arm. Lymphedema is caused by blockage of your lymph glands and is a common cause of swelling in the arms and legs; exercise could make the lymphedema worse. Other causes of arm swelling include infection, blood clotting and inflammation. Inflammation can result from osteoarthritis or systemic disorders, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.
Treatment
Treating DOMS and injury can be done at home with simple self-care measures, although you might need to eventually seek medical attention if the injury is serious. Start by resting the arm and applying ice to it for 20 minutes at a time every hour. Keep your arm above your heart and wrap it with a towel or bandage to reduce swelling. Taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen might also help reduce the swelling. If the swelling doesn't start to go down after three to four days, consult a doctor. He can check to rule out any serious underlying medical disorders. If your arm is red and inflamed or you have other symptoms, such as fever or fatigue, seek immediate medical attention.
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