Disorders of the temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, cause pain and discomfort in the face and jaw. TMJ pain during a run is most often the result of poor posture while running and clenching the teeth during intense exercise periods. Left untreated, TMJ disorders can result in premature wear on the jawbone; a worst case scenario is loss of bone anchoring the teeth. Simple postural changes may help alleviate TMJ pain while running.
Anatomy
TMJ pain comes from branches of the facial nerve. The facial nerve starts in cervical vertebrae and branches along the cheek and jaw. Clenching the jaw brings the mandible, or jaw bone, up and back slightly as when chewing. Keeping the jaw clenched fatigues the muscles. Often runners will arch their neck back to compensate, but this actually makes the problem worse.
Posture
According to Dr. Shahram Sayedna, professor at the University of Southern California Ostrow School of Dentistry, "At a running pace you brace your whole body in order to stabilize your torso, and the jaw is no exception. The runner ends up clenching teeth without realizing it." Many runners with TMJ pain can fix the problem by maintaining better posture while running.
Core Strength
Maintaining proper posture while running is key to keeping the head and neck stable as well. Weak core muscles mean a runner will slump while sitting, walking and of course running. Resistance training to build up abdominal and low back strength will properly align the pelvis under the torso. This will in turn keep the neck vertebrae aligned and likely reduce any tendency to clench the teeth.
Mouthguards
Dr. Sayedna recommends a custom made mouth guard for runners and sprinters whose TMJ pain persists. During intense effort, a runner may clench his teeth even if he has a strong core. Custom made sports mouth guards are generally lighter and more comfortable during long runs than ready-made mouth guards sold at retail stores.
When to See Your Dentist
Runners need regular dental checkups to maintain good oral and cardiovascular health. Any TMJ pain that does not go away with postural fixes needs to be addressed by your dentist. It may be indicative of a jaw bone problem, a tooth cavity or an abscess. These need to be treated immediately.
References
- Dr. Shahram Sayedna; USC Ostrow School of Dentistry; Los Angeles, CA
- MayoClinic.com; TMJ Disorders; 2010
