Does Vitamin B12 Deficiency Cause Insomnia?

All the foods that we eat can affect our bodies both physically and mentally. B vitamins are necessary for proper digestion, metabolism, growth, immune system and mental health. In particular, adequate vitamin B12 intake is needed for healthy brain and neurological functioning. Without it, fatigue, sleeplessness and depression can develop over time.

Background

Vitamin B12 is used by the body during all stages of growth and development. Because it is needed to help build DNA and red blood cells, it is essential during the first years of life. It is recommended that adults consume 2.4 mcg of vitamin B12 each day. B12 deficiency can occur from lack of B12 intake, but is more common in those with digestive problems like gastritis or recent stomach resection.

Insomnia

B12 deficiency can be linked to insomnia in several ways. Depression is a mental symptom of B12 deficiency. According to PubMed, depression can be a major cause of secondary insomnia. Often, insomnia is the main reason those with depression seek medical attention. Vitamin B12 also works closely in the body with the hormone melatonin. This hormone is responsible for regulating the circadian rhythms within our bodies. More specifically, it helps to regulate our sleep patterns. Vitamin B12 also affects melatonin production -- high levels can increase your melatonin production, causing you to go to sleep sooner. Those with B12 deficiencies may experience altered sleep patterns, difficulty falling asleep or lack of sleep.

Other Symptoms

Vitamin B12 deficiency may not be obvious because the symptoms of deficiency can develop slowly over time and often go unnoticed. Common symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency include anemia, depression, fatigue, physical weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, confusion, memory loss, poor balance, mouth soreness and tingling sensations in the hands and feet.

Treatment

The most common form of treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency is B12 injections. Initially, injections are used to help restore proper vitamin status within the body and to resolve symptoms. Once sufficient levels are obtained, it is necessary to determine the cause of the vitamin deficiency. Dietary problems can be treated by including foods in the diet that are high in B12, including clams, fortified breakfast cereals and certain types of fish. Supplements can also be used to help increase vitamin B12 intake. For those with problems absorbing vitamin B12 from foods, injections may be continued in order to help maintain adequate B12 levels within the body.