1. Stay Out of the Cold
Chilblains are painful skin reactions to cold temperatures and often develop in the hours after skin exposure to cold temperatures, particularly in humid climates. The cold temperatures cause the skin's blood vessels to constrict, which can then become damaged and leak blood into surrounding tissues once warm. Chilblains tend to occur when the skin is warmed rapidly, such as with heating pads, hot water bottles or near a hot fire.
2. Who's Most at Risk?
Because cold and humid climates are the major causes of chilblains, those living in the northern regions of the United States, Canada and Europe and Asia are at greatest risk for developing these painful blisters. Those who participate in outdoor winter sports, such as skiing, snowboarding, ice fishing or dog sledding are also at risk, as the feet can become damp with sweat and then extremely cold while in the elements. Additionally, chilblains are more common among people with poor circulation or those who have experienced these painful skin sores before.
3. Cold-Weather Sores
Symptoms of chilblains begin slowly with mild sensations of itching and burning. Often, itching and burning is made worse in warm temperatures, and the area may become red and swollen. As the tissue begins to break down, a small ulcer or blister forms which may even turn a deep-blue color. If left untreated, chilblains blisters may break and become infected.
4. Ciao, Chilblains
If an infection begins to develop, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible; however, in most cases self-treatment for chilblains is all you need. Apply antibiotic ointment to the area at least twice a day which will help to moisturize and heal damaged skin. Additionally, it is extremely important to avoid itching, so using calamine lotion or other medicated creams is highly recommended. Use a deep moisturizer, such as lanolin or even petroleum jelly to prevent cracking of the skin. Finally, keep your feet warm and dry at all times.
5. Bundle Up and Keep Warm
Bundle up when you must venture out into the cold, damp world. Keeping warm is your best prevention, so wear wool socks, leggings, long underwear and other clothing that will keep the warmth in and the cold, wet air out. If you do get cold, avoid the temptation to heat up rapidly by standing directly in front of a fire, as rapid temperature changes can lead to broken blood vessels and chilblains.
