Autism is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown cause. Autism is characterized by poor social functioning, repetitive or inappropriate behaviors and problems with communication. Some parents have found success with changing the diets of their children who have autism, stating that many negative behaviors are diminished by adding supplements or restricting certain types of foods. Some nutrients, such as carnitine may also play a role in autism development.
Carnitine
Carnitine, a component of amino acids, is important for energy production. Carnitine moves some types of fatty acids into the cell mitochondria to create energy. It is found most commonly in the muscles, such as skeletal muscles or the heart. Most people get adequate amounts of carnitine in their diets. Under normal circumstances, carnitine is absorbed through the small intestine during the digestive process, but even if your diet does not contain enough carnitine, the kidneys also help to store this nutrient. Low levels of carnitine occur, but they are rare.
Carnitine and Autism
While the exact cause of autism remains unknown, low levels of carnitine may be a factor associated with the condition. In a 2004 study in the "Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders," researchers found that children with autism in the study had significantly reduced levels of carnitine. The study hypothesized that these reduced levels could be related to a defect in the mitochondria of the cells.
Deficiency Causes
Low levels of carnitine can occur due to a genetic disorder where the enzyme needed to get carnitine into the cells is missing. This condition may also be associated with an enlarged heart, muscle weakness and low blood sugars. Alternatively, carnitine deficiency may also occur as a result of environmental conditions, including the use of some types of antibiotics or due to kidney problems. According to the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, autism could be related to brain irregularities, which may be associated with environmental factors. Low carnitine levels among children with autism could be linked to environmental factors that result in symptoms of autism.
Carnitine Supplements
Carnitine is found in many animal-based foods such as ground beef, chicken, milk, ice cream and cheese. Carnitine supplements are also available, although carnitine is not considered to be an essential nutrient. While carnitine supplements may be safe, check with your doctor to determine if you need these types of supplements, particularly for a person with autism. Taking carnitine supplements without a demonstrated deficiency may result in too much of the nutrient, which could cause nausea, vomiting, cramps or diarrhea. Additionally, the supplement could interact with other types of medications.
