Iron supplements can help treat iron deficiency and anemia caused by low iron stores or other health conditions, such as cancer, kidney problems and heart problems. Time-released iron supplements, also referred to as controlled-release or extended-release iron supplements, may cause fewer or milder side effects than other forms of iron supplements.
Side Effects
Common side effects of therapeutic iron doses include constipation and diarrhea as well as stomach upset and pain. Iron supplements can also cause nausea and vomiting. Controlled-release iron supplements may reduce symptoms of nausea and vomiting in some people, according to the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements.
Absorption
While the body absorbs 15 to 35 percent of heme iron, the type of iron found in animal-based foods, the body absorbs only 2 to 20 percent of nonheme iron, the type of iron found in plant foods and supplements, according to the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. The body does not absorb as much iron from controlled-release iron supplements as from other types of iron supplements, according to National Institutes of Health online medical encyclopedia Medline Plus. A variety of food components, including calcium, coffee, tea and cereals can hinder nonheme iron absorption.
Taking Supplements
Take controlled-release iron supplements on an empty stomach at least one hour before eating or two hours after eating, to promote better absorption. Swallow the capsules whole rather than crushing, chewing or opening them, recommends Medline Plus.
Warning
Accidental overdose of iron-containing products can cause fatal poisoning, especially in children under age 6. Doses as low as 60 mg per kilogram of body weight can be fatal, notes Medline Plus. Signs of iron poisoning may include stomach and intestinal distress, liver failure and dangerously low blood pressure. Contact a doctor or poison control center immediately if you suspect someone has taken too much iron. Consult your doctor before taking any new dietary supplements.
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