Radiation therapy is often used in breast cancer and involves the use of high-energy rays (similar to x-rays) to kill cancer cells. These cancer cells may be in the breast, the chest wall or the underarm area, and radiation can be used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. It can be given two ways: by external beam radiation and, less commonly, by brachytherapy, which involves implanting radioactive seeds or pellets into the cancerous area.
Skin Changes
Radiation can cause changes in the skin on your breast and your armpit. Your skin may become red and irritated, as if it were sunburnt, according to Breastcancer.org. This can happen to both fair and dark skin. Skin on and near your breast may become sensitive and painful to touch at times. It can also be dry, and sometimes it can peel (although this happens typically toward the end of your treatments). These skin side effects occur gradually and return to normal in the weeks and months following radiation treatment.
Fatigue
According to Breastcancer.org, fatigue is a common side effect of radiation treatment for breast cancer; in fact, it is even estimated that 9 out of 10 people with cancer experience fatigue at some point in their treatment. This fatigue is not alleviated by sleep or rest, and sometimes you lose interest in things you used to enjoy doing. Dehydration and poor nutrition can make cancer treatment-related fatigue worse.
Heart Damage and Lung Problems
Radiation can cause heart problems or lung damage, depending on where it is directed. Your heart may feel like it is beating very hard or very fast, or you may have pain in your chest. You may have a persistent cough or be short of breath more frequently. Before you start radiation treatment, it may be beneficial to talk with your doctor to discuss ways to minimize the risk of heart and lung damage during radiation therapy, and what your specific risk level may be.
Lowered White Blood Cell Count
Radiation therapy may lower your white blood cell count, which can leave you at higher risk for infection. If your white blood cell count is too low, your doctor may prescribe medication to raise your levels. Washing your hands frequently, avoiding crowds, and having a nutritious diet can help reduce your risk of infections during radiation treatment.
