Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the cells of your lower esophagus become damaged, usually from repeated contact with stomach acid. This damage changes the composition of the cells, making them similar to the cells lining the intestine. Barrett's esophagus is commonly diagnosed in people with long-term gastroesophogeal reflux disease, or GERD. The exact cause of Barrett's esophagus is unknown. Barrett's esophagus increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer, so the condition should be monitored closely. Barrett's esophagus symptoms are usually related to acid reflux and may include heartburn, upper abdominal pain and a dry cough. Because Barrett's esophagus usually occurs alongside GERD, the two conditions have similar dietary and lifestyle recommendations.
Fat
When you have Barrett's esophagus, you should avoid high fat foods, as they can make reflux worse. This includes full and reduced-fat dairy, fried foods, fatty meats, nuts, oil or butter and high fat desserts. A low-fat diet is recommended, with 30 percent or less of your daily calories coming from fat. Look for foods with 3 g of fat or less per serving, and limit fats and oils when cooking. A low-fat diet can also help you maintain a healthy weight, which helps prevent reflux by putting less pressure on your abdomen.
Alcohol and Caffeine
Alcohol and caffeine are not recommended for people with GERD or Barrett's esophagus. This includes all alcoholic beverages, caffeinated beverages, caffeinated medications -- sometimes prescribed for migraines -- and caffeinated foods including chocolate. It is not known why these foods cause problems for people with GERD, but it is thought that they are irritants, which can make GERD symptoms worse.
Fruits and Vegetables
All fruits and vegetables are acceptable on a GERD or Barrett's esophagus diet; however, it really depends on your individual tolerance. High sulfur fruits and vegetables, including onions, cauliflower and garlic, often cause indigestion or heartburn in some people. Other people may not have this problem, or may experience digestion difficulty with other fruits or vegetables. Avoiding those fruits or vegetables that give you gas or indigestion is a good step toward controlling your symptoms.
Lifestyle Changes
In addition to diet, certain lifestyle can help reduce symptoms. Quitting smoking may help reduce stomach acid, thus reducing the risk for heartburn and reflux. You should also avoid tight fitting clothing, which can force stomach acid up and into your esophagus. Lastly, you should not lie down after eating and should raise the head of your bed 6 to 8 inches when you're sleeping. Lying in a supine position can cause the contents of your stomach to rise towards your esophagus, which can cause tissue damage and possible aspiration of foods.
References
- National Digestive Diseases International Clearinghouse: Barrett's Esophagus; July 2008
- Johns Hopkins Pathology; Barrett's Esophagus Diet; Kerry Dunbar, MD
- MayoClinic.com; Barrett's Esophagus Lifestyle and Home Remedies; May 25, 2011
- American Dietetic Association Nutrition Care Manual: GERD Nutrition Therapy
