Why Do Vitamin E & C Work Well Together?

Essential nutrients such as vitamins E and C perform many functions in the body. Both must be obtained through the diet, though vitamin E is stored for longer periods of time in the body than vitamin C. These antioxidants work separately and together on processes in the organs and tissues, and are therefore sometimes recommended together. As with any supplement, check with your doctor to determine whether or not you need additional vitamin E or C, or both.

Identification

Both vitamins E and C have antioxidant properties, but vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin, while vitamin C is a water-soluble one. The main function of vitamin E is to prevent the oxidation of LDL, or "bad" cholesterol, but it also protects against cell damage that is linked to cancer, according to registered dietitian Roberta Larson Duyff in the book, "American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide." Vitamin C on the other hand, helps to form connective tissue, keep capillaries and gums healthy and aids in the absorption of iron. The two vitamins are often recommended to be taken together.

Function

Though vitamin E is an antioxidant, it can become oxidized when it interacts with a free radical, therefore creating more oxidative damage, according to registered dietitian Marie Dunford, Ph.D. in her book, "Nutrition for Sport and Exercise." But vitamin C can interact with oxidized vitamin E, reducing free radicals and regenerating the benefits of vitamin E. The vitamins work both separately and together, notes Dunford, when it comes to heart and immune system health.

Studies

Studies show mixed reviews of vitamin E and C supplementation. A 2000 study in the "Journal of Internal Medicine" found combined supplementation of vitamin E and slow-release vitamin C may slow the progression of atherosclerosis in men. Also, in a 1998 study published in the "Journal of the International AIDS Society," researchers found that supplements of vitamin E and C reduced oxidative stress in HIV patients and produced a trend toward a reduction in viral load. But a more recent 2008 study in the "Journal of the American Medical Association" showed no reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular issues with vitamin E and C supplementation.

Considerations

Supplementing with vitamins can cause an imbalance in the body. Be sure to see your doctor before supplementing with either vitamin E or vitamin C to determine if this is the right course of action for you. Though vitamin C is generally considered safe, large amounts of the nutrient may cause stomach cramping or diarrhea. Too much vitamin E may cause muscle weakness, nausea or risk of bleeding, and should not be taken if you are currently on blood thinning medication.