Premenstrual syndrome, also known as PMS, is an unpleasant, often painful, condition that frequently occurs in women of child-bearing age. In fact, Dr. Christine Northrup says that around 60 percent of women suffer from PMS. While a number of remedies can alleviate some of the symptoms, cod liver oil -- and its primary constituent, omega-3 fatty acids -- may also provide benefits for women suffering from PMS. Consult your doctor before using any dietary supplement.
About Cod Liver Oil and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Cod liver oil is a dietary supplement used to treat a number of conditions; however, the FDA has not approved its use for any of them, according to the University of Michigan Medical Center. Like other fish oil supplements, cod liver oil is used to improve symptoms of joint pain, depression and anxiety; lower high cholesterol; and reduce blood pressure. The primary benefits of fish oil supplements like cod liver oil is their high content of omega-3 fatty acids, although cod liver oil also contains high amounts of vitamins A and D. Omega-3 fatty acids, also known as essential or polyunsaturated fatty acids, are required for good health, but your body cannot manufacture them. You must obtain them from food sources, such as fish or nuts, or dietary supplements. Omega-3 fatty acids help fight inflammation and help maintain normal cognitive functioning. A lack of omega-3 fatty acids can cause symptoms similar to some of those of PMS, including depression, mood swings, fatigue, cognitive problems and dry skin.
PMS: Symptoms and Treatments
PMS is a complex condition that can cause a wide variety of troublesome or even serious symptoms. Symptoms can range from feeling bloated, irritable, depressed or anxious to insomnia, asthma, back pain and joint swelling, according to Dr. Christine Northrup. Depending on your specific symptoms, your doctor may recommend antidepressants or anti-inflammatory medication to help control your symptoms. Cod liver oil and omega-3 fatty acids may also offer some relief, although there's not a lot of research to validate the claim that it works; however, in an article on the nutrition website, Nourishing Ecology, registered nurse and acupuncturist Leslie McGee says that cod liver oil can help normalize the menstrual cycle and eliminate certain symptoms of PMS. Dr. Northrup also recommends eating plenty of foods containing essential fatty acids and/or taking 500 mg of fish oil three to four times daily.
Clinical Evidence
While a number of practitioners recommend the use of cod liver oil and omega-3 fatty acids to manage symptoms of PMS, there's not much clinical evidence to prove their effectiveness. One study, published in the January 2011 issue of the journal "Reproductive Health," showed that women suffering from PMS experienced a significant reduction in their symptoms when treated with a polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement. The study evaluated the effectiveness of a 1- or 2-g supplement. While positive results were achieved with both dosages, a higher reduction in symptoms was achieved with the higher dosage.
Considerations
While limited research supports the effectiveness of certain components of cod liver oil for alleviation of PMS symptoms, no research has evaluated the specific benefits of cod liver oil. More clinical studies are needed to study these potential benefits. Do not attempt to self-treat your symptoms with dietary supplements. According to the University of Michigan Medical Center, certain medications can interact with cod liver oil. As with any dietary supplement, inform your doctor if you choose to use cod liver oil.
References
- Christine Northrup, MD: Premenstrual Syndrome
- University of Michigan Medical Center: Cod Liver Oil
- "Nourishing Ecology"; The Yin and Yang of Cod Liver Oil; Leslie McGee, RN; January 8, 2011
- "Reproductive Health"; Essential Fatty Acids for Premenstrual Syndrome and Their Effect on Prolactin and Total Cholesterol Levels: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study; E. Filho, et al.; January 2011
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