1. Most Common Birth Defect
Spina bifida is the most common birth defect in the U.S. that can cause permanent disabilities. It occurs when the spine of a developing embryo fails to close completely, for reasons unknown. A combination of environmental and genetic factors may play a role. About 15 percent of adults have a form of the condition known as spina bifida occulta, which does not cause symptoms. Three other forms have disabling effects: meningocele, occult spinal dysraphism and myelomeningocele.
2. Three Disabling Types of Spina Bifida
People born with meningocele may have minor disabilities. The spinal cord's protective coating presses out through the opening in the spine. The sac that develops contains cerebrospinal fluid; however, nerve damage does not usually result. The most common sign of occult spinal dysraphism (OSD) is the presence of a dimple on a baby's back, although most dimples are just dimples. Raised red or flattish red birthmarks, hair tufts or lumps can also be symptoms. The most severe form of spina bifida is myelomeningocele, in which both the spinal nerves and the protective coating come through the opening in the spine. In the majority of these cases, children develop water on the brain from cerebrospinal fluid that doesn't drain properly, often resulting in mental disabilities.
3. Surgery -- Child's Best Chance
For all three of the more severe types of spina bifida, medical experts recommend surgery. In a baby with the most severe form, myelomeningocele, a surgeon will want to operate within two or three days of birth. This gives the child the greatest chance of saving spinal cord function and preventing infection due to the opening in the spinal column. Surgery can repair meningocele with little risk of paralysis. However, many children with this form will develop normally, so get an evaluation from a pediatric neurosurgeon. Children with OSD may also require surgery even if they have no symptoms, because neurological problems can develop as the child grows.
4. Prevent Spina Bifida With Folic Acid
Studies indicate that if women of child-bearing age take 400 micrograms of folic acid daily before pregnancy and throughout the first trimester, the chance of their child developing spina bifida could drop by 70 percent. Women who have a family history of spina bifida should talk to their doctor about prescription strength folic acid. In addition to prevention, prenatal tests such as a blood test to determine the levels of a particular type of protein, ultrasound and amniocentesis, can possibly detect spina bifida.
5. You've Come a Long Way, Baby
The majority of babies born with spina bifida are able to live into adulthood and have active and productive lives with proper medical care. With surgery, most children have normal IQs and are active in sports. It's important for a child's social development that parents and teachers understand each child's capabilities and limitations.
