Migraine Causes
A migraine is a type of intense headache that, according to Medline Plus, occurs in about 11 percent of the population. The exact cause of migraine headaches is under debate; however, the pain may be related to blood flow changes the brain, or chemicals acting on the brain pathways. What we do know is that migraines are caused by some type of abnormal activity in the brain.
Migraine Triggers
While the cause of migraines is not clear, there are certain factors that can lead to a migraine attack. The American Medical Association lists the following as potential migraine triggers: hormonal changes in women (often associated with menstruation), caffeine, unusual sleep patterns, stress, weather changes, missing meals and/or certain chemicals in foods (such as nitrates and MSG). The Mayo Clinic also reports that certain medications, bright lights, unusual smells and some types of physical activity may also trigger a migraine attack.
Migraine Warning Signs
Different people may experience completely different symptoms during a migraine. First, before a migraine begins, some people have warning signs. The Mayo Clinic reports that some people experience what is called a migraine aura before their pain begins. This is described as light flashes or blind spots, though some people may feel tingling sensations in their limbs as well. Medline Plus reports that an aura can precede a migraine by about 10 or 15 minutes and may include blurred vision, tunnel vision or "seeing starts."
Migraine Symptoms
According to the Mayo Clinic, migraine pain can last anywhere from a few hours to two or three days, if left untreated. Migraine pain is distinct and tends to occur on one side of the head. Medline Plus reports that migraine pain feels like throbbing or pulsating on the side of the head. It may begin as an ache that gradually becomes more intense. The Mayo Clinic adds that migraine pain often becomes worse with physical activity and may even cause nausea and vomiting. Some other common symptoms that can accompany a migraine headache include sensitivity to light and certain smells, chills, difficulty concentrating and fatigue.
Migraine Recovery
Even after a migraine attack is over, some symptoms may persist. Medline Plus reports that a person who has had a migraine may feel the need to sleep it off and may continue to feel out of sorts or confused for some time afterward. The person may also experience neck pain after a migraine attack has passed.
