Iron deficiency anemia is a condition in which blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells due to low iron levels. Bone marrow uses the mineral iron to manufacture healthy red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia is common in runners, according to Gatorade Science Institute.
Anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is common in runners who lose a high amount of iron through excessive sweating, bodily injuries and calorie restrictions, according to the institute. Iron deficiency anemia in runners may also be caused by gastritis, a condition in which the stomach's lining becomes inflamed. Runners may develop gastritis due to increased secretion of stomach acid during races. Female runners are more likely to develop iron deficiency anemia because of menstruation. Runners should have their hemoglobin and ferritin blood levels checked every six to 12 months.
Symptoms
Runners with mild anemia may not display any symptoms. However, as anemia progresses, runners may notice excess fatigue, weakness, lightheadedness, dizziness, shortness of breath, rapid weak pulse, headache, sore tongue, cold hands and feet, pale skin, brittle nails and problems concentrating, according to MayoClinic.com. Runners who notice these symptoms should seek medical attention.
Treatment
Iron deficiency anemia in runners is treated using iron supplements. A doctor may also treat the underlying condition that causes iron loss. If iron loss is caused by gastritis, acid-reducing drugs and antibiotics may be prescribed to heal the stomach lining. Iron supplements may be taken with food to prevent stomach irritation. Taking iron supplements with orange juice instead of water may help increase iron absorption.
Diet
Runners should consume plenty of foods rich in iron -- especially during periods when they engage in vigorous physical training or participate in long-distance races. Iron sources include lean meat, beef liver, chicken, fish, fortified breakfast cereals, enriched breads, prunes, dates and dark-green vegetables like spinach and kale. Eat iron-rich foods with foods high in vitamin C to help the body absorb more iron. Don't take coffee and tea with iron-rich foods because these beverages can prevent iron absorption, according to Steps to a Healthier Florida.
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