Lipoic acid, also known as alpha-lipoic acid, is a powerful antioxidant that can be found in nearly every cell in your body. Little is known regarding its importance in disease prevention and treatment. Due to lack of research using human subjects, the safety of lipoic acid during different stages of life is not clear.
Background
While lipoic acid is not a true vitamin, it functions as a vitamin in the body. Like B vitamins, lipoic acid helps the body convert glucose into energy. Energy needs are increased during pregnancy, making rapid energy conversion more important. It is able to function in both fatty tissues and water-based environments, allowing it to operate in nearly all areas of the body. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, studies indicate that lipoic acid may help lower blood glucose levels and reduce symptoms associated with diabetes. In addition, lipoic acid shows promise in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease, stroke, glaucoma and HIV.
Recommendations
Evidence is lacking regarding the appropriate intake of lipoic acid each day. Healthy adults may benefit from the general antioxidant support in a dosage of about 20 to 50 mg of lipoic acid each day. For disease treatment, daily doses of up to 800 mg may be indicated. There is no evidence to support or discourage the use of lipoic acid in children or pregnant or breastfeeding women. Avoid supplementation during pregnancy without a doctor's approval.
Side Effects
Due to the lack of research, lipoic acid supplements should only be used under doctor supervision. While side effects are rare, possible reactions to daily lipoic acid supplementation include skin rash, hives, itching, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and changes in urine. Side effects are noted with doses over 1,200 mg per day.
Sources
Lipoic acid is made naturally in small amounts by the body. Larger amounts can be supplied through the use of supplements. Lipoic acid can also be found in dietary sources, including animal proteins, spinach, broccoli, tomatoes, peas and Brussels sprouts. Information regarding the exact lipoic acid content of foods is unavailable. While a handful of foods naturally contain lipoic acid, these foods also contain high amounts of essential vitamins and nutrients needed during pregnancy. Consume a well-balanced diet during pregnancy to ensure that nutrition needs of both the mother and child are met. Discuss your dietary intake with a medical professional to be sure you are meeting your nutrition needs.
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