Small capillaries in the white of your eye can burst, causing a bright red spot to appear. This often occurs during physical exertion such as swimming or other activities. This condition, known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, does not typically indicate a serious problem. You may have mild discomfort, but in most cases you will not notice changes in vision. The redness may frighten you, but knowing about this condition will help ease your fears and let you know when to contact your doctor.
Causes
A subconjunctival hemorrhage occurs just as any bruise on your skin, but the clear tissue over the white of the eye allows you to see the redness. The act of swimming does not indicate a risk factor for a subconjunctival hemorrhage, but your increased pulse could increase the pressure on these capillaries, resulting in the condition. This may occur with any form of physical exertion, including lifting heavy objects. A fit of coughing or sneezing may also cause the capillary to burst. You may also have a subconjunctival hemorrhage that appears without any known cause.
Treatment
Broken capillaries in the eye do not typically require treatment. If you have surface discomfort or scratchiness associated with the hemorrhage, try over-the-counter artificial tears to help soothe the irritation. As with any bruise, a subconjunctival hemorrhage will begin to resolve within a few days or a week without any form of treatment.
Prevention
You cannot take specific steps to prevent a hemorrhage while swimming. However, if you have high blood pressure, a factor that can increase your risk for a subconjunctival hemorrhage, you should work with your doctor to reduce these levels. Also, if you take blood-thinning medications or have a blood disorder you may have an increased risk for broken capillaries in the eye. If you have frequent occurrences of subconjunctival hemorrhages, talk with your doctor, because controlling blood pressure or adjusting medications may help reduce the likelihood of recurrence.
Considerations
Although rare, severe hemorrhages may occur. In these cases, the hemorrhage may cause the affected area on the white of your eye to bulge out. Any physical abnormality, severe pain or changes in vision requires immediate medical attention.
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