Blood protein levels are determined by a total protein test, which looks at levels of albumin and globulin. Both are important serum proteins, with albumin being the most prevalent. The normal range for total blood protein is 6 to 8.3 g/dL. A total protein test can identify a number of medical problems, including malnutrition. The underlying cause of an abnormal protein level must be identified and treated before blood protein levels can normalize.
If you are severely malnourished, feeding and treatment should start slowly to prevent refeeding syndrome. Refeeding syndrome can cause low levels of important electrolytes -- potassium, magnesium and phosphorus -- which can cause serious complications. Repletion of calories and nutrients -- including protein -- should be gradual, and you should be monitored closely for adverse effects. Once you are able to safely tolerate adequate food and nutrients, the focus of treatment can shift to correcting other medical issues concurrent with the malnutrition.
Diet
A healthy, balanced diet is recommended to correct malnutrition. All food groups -- fruits, vegetables, proteins, grains and dairy -- should be included in adequate amounts. Proper nourishment should help to bring blood protein levels within a normal range. However, a diet that is slightly higher in protein than normal is acceptable. Consume about 0.45 g of protein per pound of body weight daily until blood protein ranges normalize.
Oral Supplementation
Your medical condition may keep you from consuming a normal, healthy diet. Oral supplements can be used to keep you nourished while you begin your recovery. Nutritional drinks such as Ensure or Boost are an easy way to give you calories, protein and vitamins. For added nutrition, protein powder can be mixed into soups, ice cream, gelatin and juices. Speak with your doctor before taking any supplements to find out if they are right for you.
Intravenous Supplementation
In cases of severe malnutrition or critical illness, nourishment may need to be given intravenously at a hospital. A solution containing dextrose, water, proteins, fats and vitamins will be given through an access point either in the arm or in the chest. Additionally, intravenous albumin can be given to help correct severe depletion. The underlying cause of the malnutrition will need to be corrected for these treatments to have maximum effectiveness.
References
- MedLine Plus; Total Protein; David C. Dugdale, III, MD, et. al; May 2009
- "Nutrition and Diagnosis-Related Care, 5th edition"; Sylvia Escott-Stump, MA, RD, LDN; 2002
- Drugs.com: Albumin (Human) Official FDA Information, Side Effects and Uses
