Beta-carotene can be taken as a dietary supplement, though it is also found naturally in many foods. While generally considered a cancer fighter, the supplemental form of the antioxidant beta-carotene may increase the risk for cancer for certain populations. Always check with your doctor before using any type of supplement, even one found naturally in as many foods as beta-carotene.
Beta-Carotene
Beta-carotene is found naturally in a number of fruits and vegetables, and in many whole grain foods. The nutrient is rich in antioxidants, is a natural source of vitamin A and gives many vegetables and fruits their orange and yellow coloring. Its antioxidant properties draw many people to the supplement. Antioxidants are thought to reduce the effects of free radicals in the body, which can contribute to some long-term health conditions, such as cancer. Medline Plus reports that beta-carotene's effects on both breast and ovarian cancer has yielded positive results, though more research is needed before further recommendations can be made.
Beta-Carotene and Lung Cancer
Beta-carotene has also been researched for its potential role in reducing the risks and effects of lung cancer. While food sources may play a role in lung cancer prevention, the role of supplements is not as clear. According to the National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, beta-carotene-rich foods are associated with a lower risk of lung cancer. These often include colorful fruits and vegetables, which also have a number of other nutrients and health benefits. Beta-carotene supplements contain only beta-carotene, and their effect on lung cancer is somewhat controversial. The NIH reported variable results by those who took beta-carotene, including some evidence that the supplement increased the risk of lung cancer in certain populations.
Beta-Carotene and Cancer Research
Beta-carotene does not necessarily increase everyone's risk of lung cancer. According to the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, study participants who took beta-carotene supplements had a higher risk of lung cancer if they were active smokers, former smokers or had been previously exposed to asbestos. Similarly, the NIH reported a link between death from lung cancer and participants who used both beta-carotene and vitamin A supplements versus a placebo. The associated tumors were not just limited to the lungs: Medline Plus reports that smokers who took the supplement also had a higher risk of developing prostate cancer.
Guidelines
The link between lung cancer and beta-carotene intake refers to the nutrient's supplemental form. Medline Plus advises most people against taking beta-carotene supplements, and suggests that they, instead, look to dietary forms of the nutrient. Food sources of beta-carotene appear to be safe, according to "Natural Standard," which recommends that you aim for five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Talk to your doctor before taking beta-carotene supplements. They are available for purchase over the counter, but they may not be safe for everyone.
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