Several microorganisms grow in the human body. Infections occur when a colonizing microorganism harms the host and causes disease. Most people develop a wide range of infections during their lifetimes, but the immune system effectively fights them off. Certain immunosuppressive conditions, including diabetes, cancer and AIDS, may reduce the functioning of the immune system and increase the body's susceptibility to infections. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to fight infections. Certain supplements, such as chitosan, may also help prevent and treat infections. Always talk to your doctor before taking any supplements.
What Is Chitosan?
Chitosan is a derivative of the polysaccharide chitin found in the exoskeleton of animals such as shrimp, lobster and crab. Chitosan has been used traditionally in water purification, cosmetics and the fabric industry. It has also been used to treat a variety of conditions, including high cholesterol, excessive bleeding and infections. Chitosan supplements are generally available as powders, tablets and capsules. The dose varies, depending on the age of the patient and the condition being treated.
Effect of Chitosan on Infection
Chitosan acetate bandages effectively control the growth of bacteria, such as the pseudomonas and proteus species, in burn wounds and prevent the spread of infection into the blood, according to a study published in the February 2009 issue of the journal "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy." Another study, published in the May 2010 issue of the "Journal of Infectious Diseases," found that chitosan can prevent the formation of fungal biofilms on catheters and other medical devices and may help prevent certain hospital-acquired infections. Several other studies, including one published in the July 2011 issue of the journal "Carbohydrate Polymers," point out that combining antibiotics with chitosan can lead to sustained release of the antibiotic and improve its efficacy in treating infections.
Side Effects of Chitosan
The toxicity, side effects and drug interactions of chitosan are not well documented. Some adverse reactions, such as flatulence and constipation, have been reported. It may also interfere with anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin, and lower the absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K.
Precautions
Always talk to a doctor before using chitosan supplements to treat infections. Inform the doctor about your preexisting conditions and any other medications you might be taking. Keep in mind that the production and distribution of some chitosan supplements may not be regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, so try your best to ensure the safety and efficacy of the product.
References
- "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"; Chitosan Acetate Bandage as a Topical Antimicrobial Dressing for Infected Burns; Tianhong Dai, et al.; February 2009
- "The Journal of Infectious Diseases"; Demonstration of Antibiofilm and Antifungal Efficacy of Chitosan Against Candidal Biofilms, Using an In Vivo Central Venous Catheter Model; Luis R. Martinez, et al.; May 2010
- "Carbohydrate Polymers"; Injectable Biodegradable Starch/Chitosan Delivery System for the Sustained Release of Gentamicin to Treat Bone Infections; E.R. Balmayor, et al.; July 2011
- Drugs.com: Chitosan
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